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Lord Dawson of Penn 1864-1945

Bertrand Dawson was born 9th March 1864, he graduated from the Royal London Hospital in 1893 with a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree. In 1907 he was appointed doctor to Edward VII, and served George V, Edward VIII and George VI and other members of the royal family. In 1920, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Dawson of Penn, made a K.C.B. in 1926, a privy councillor in 1929, and a viscount in 1936.

Shortly before 1911 he rented Dell Cottage, (now renamed The Chinnery) on Church Road, then a pair of workmen’s cottages, as a country retreat. He converted the cottages to what he described as a ‘library with cottage attached’. Lord Dawson was one of the first London-based commuters. The first transatlantic telephone call ever made was in 1927, from Pennsylvania via a temporary cable from Penn Post Office, School Road, to Lord Dawson. This was in the mistaken belief that, because of his title, he was a descendant of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania. The house has since been much altered, although the front elevation retains its sash windows and a particularly graceful door hood. Lord Dawson, who left Penn in 1938, is particularly remembered for his bulletin ‘The King’s life is moving peacefully towards its close’, as George V lay dying. An envious colleague taunted his rival with the disrespectful jingle:
‘Lord Dawson of Penn, Has killed many men So that’s why we sing, God save the King’

Lord Dawson died 7^th March 1945, and his funeral was held at Golders Green Crematorium. There is a tablet in Holy Trinity church, Penn Street, which records the resting place of his ashes.

Lord Dawson’s wife, Minnie died 10th May 1972 at Eaton Square, S.W.1, and her funeral was held at Holy Trinity church, Penn Street.

Miles Green, January 2025.

9 January 2003

Editor of The Times,

Sir, The first transatlantic telephone call

You reported yesterday (On this day The Times, January 8, 1927) the conversation between the then Editor of The Times, Geoffrey Dawson, and the proprietor of The New York Times, the day the first transatlantic radio-telephone service.was opened.

The service was actually inaugurated by another Dawson, Lord (Bertrand) Dawson of Penn, George V’s doctor, later famous as the author of the medical bulletin, ‘The king’s life is moving peacefully towards its close’. He was living in Penn in Buckinghamshire in what he described as ‘ library with cottage attached’ and a cable was run out along the road from the village Post Office, Church Road, about quarter of a mile away, to connect him with.Dr Josiah Penniman, the Provost of the University of Pennsylvania.

The reason for this apparently unusual link up was that the Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania wished to honour the memory of William Penn the founder and first Proprietor of Pennsylvania by connecting his American city with his English village. There was apparently a mistaken assumption in Pennsylvania that Lord Dawson was a descendant of William Penn. Nor is the Quaker’s connection with the village of Penn as straightforward as was assumed although his first wife was living here before they married and six of his grandchildren are buried beneath the nave of Penn Church.

Herbert Druce 1915 – 2024

Herbie Druce was born and lived in Penn and died 7th May 2024 aged 109, the fifth oldest man in England. His funeral was held at Holy Trinity, Penn 3rd June 2024, followed by burial in the churchyard with his late wife Gwen.

His grandson, Jonathan Farnsworth and his nephews, Miles Collinge and Paul, spoke at his funeral, and their tributes are printed below.

Tribute by grandson, Jonathan Farnsworth

Family and friends, We gather today, not only to say farewell to a remarkable man, but also to celebrate a life of love, laughter and generosity. Today, we remember and honour my Grandad, Herbert, or Drum, as he was known to many.

He was born at Meadowcroft Cottage, Beacon Hill, Penn, not very far from here, on January the 6th 1915. He passed away on May the 7th this year at 109 and 122 days. This not only made him the oldest person in Leicestershire but the fifth oldest man in the UK. He was getting quite tired of all the birthday cards from the Royal Family!

Growing up, Grandad had a younger brother, Ernie, along with two half-brothers, Harry and Albert Greaves. His father, a general carrier, rented the 2 ½ acre meadow behind their cottage where he grew all kinds of fruit for Covent Garden Market.

Shortly after his fifth birthday, he started his education at Penn School across the road. At the time the only heating they had was a coal fire in each room; it was still the same when he left. For years, there was no connection to the water mains, and the toilets were outside. Hot dinners could be had for tuppence-halfpenny a day.

When he was about 7 he was moved up to spend the rest of his school days with the headteacher, a very strict but very fair teacher, who he liked very much. He was always happy to go to school. Reverend Mumford, his scripture examiner, later became the Vicar of Penn.

Apart from the three Rs, Grandad also studied history, geography, nature, hygiene, art, leatherwork, country dancing and poetry. He could still recite Longfellow from memory one hundred years after he first learned it. All in all, it was a varied education and happy years spent at Penn Church of England School.

As a youngster, Grandad did errands for the villagers, going to High Wycombe, shopping for them and going on his father’s horse and cart to Beaconsfield to collect packages from the station. He would often sit on the wall of the Crown Inn (right across the street from where we are now) looking after the horses while the carrier was inside. His father died when he was 11, and although two of the local gentry offered to pay his fees to the grammar school, his mother needed him to go to work, and so he left school at age 14.

He started work at the blacksmith’s forge opposite his home in Beacon Hill before the introduction of the motor car. He looked after the horses and mended saucepans and kettles, put tyres on prams, charged radio batteries, replaced oil lamp wicks and even stood in on the milk round on several occasions. At one time he used to know everybody in Penn and Tylers Green.

After a few years the forge became Slade’s Garage. He spent time in the garage side of the building, eventually working on cars, vans and motorcycles. At that time, George Slade, the owner, took part in long distance trials, riding a motorcycle and sidecar. On one occasion he rode from Slough to Land’s End with his 15-year-old apprentice. That apprentice was Grandad.

He worked in the garage until 1940 when the government appealed for men for the aircraft industry to help the war effort. He volunteered for the RAF but was turned down. So, as a mechanic, he went to work at Heston Aircraft factory in Slough. After 2 years he was transferred to their High Wycombe disposal factory, where he remained until the Wellington bomber was phased out. The government then directed him into transport at one of the major operators in High Wycombe eventually taking charge of the workshop. He stayed there for some years until one day he received a letter from Mr Slade asking if he would consider going back to the garage. He accepted the offer and stayed at Slade’s as head mechanic; serving residents with petrol and repairing their cars until his retirement.

Grandad was caring and thoughtful. Rosemary remembers once when they had a heavy snowfall, and without hesitation or prompting, he went straight to the houses of the local doctors and fitted snow chains on their tyres so that they were able to get to their patients.

He met his wife Gwen at the local Saturday dance in Tylers Green. They were married here at Penn Church in 1945 and were the first couple to be married by the vicar – Reverend Muspratt. After marrying Gwen, he moved from Beacon Hill to Coppice Farm to live with Gwen’s parents. There, they had two daughters, Rosemary in 1948 and Sue in 1950. Then in 1952 they bought their own house, Thanet, on Penn Road, where he stayed for 70 years.

His daughter Rosemary has many happy memories of him when she was growing up. She cherishes memories of the happy Sunday afternoons where the family would go on picnics at Christmas Common with her cousins Miles, Paul and Gina. She remembers how her Dad would come home from work and say he’d had “a good day”. That meant he’d had some good tips from very appreciative customers.

He loved his garden, growing flowers and lots of vegetables. He was particularly fond of his sweet-peas and whenever we visited during school holidays there were always fresh vegetables. I’ve eaten enough of his home grown carrots that I’ve still got 20/20 vision in my 40s. He continued with a bit of gardening into his hundreds; I was still receiving my tomato saplings from him at 107. In his later years he took up darning, made pastry for his mince pies, and got his chicken casserole down to a tee.

He spent many holidays with his family at Weymouth enjoying the beach and walks along the front and sometimes a game of pitch and putt with the girls after their evening meal. He and Gwen loved to walk along the Thames at Marlow on a Sunday afternoon meeting up with family.
The only time he went abroad was to go to Keukonhof Gardens in Amsterdam to see the tulip fields. They both enjoyed holidays with mountains and scenery and as they aged would join us on our holidays to the Lake District and Snowdonia. Squeezing 6 of us in the same car with all the luggage was quite a feat. He always enjoyed a good laugh, good food, being with family and friends and to reminisce about Penn and its villagers.

This church, where we are all gathered today, was an essential piece of Grandad’s life. He was a member of the choir here for 60 years, from the time he was 7 years old. Besides being a chorister, he started as a candle boy and later became a crucifer carrying the cross at the head of the procession. At 14 he started bell ringing, becoming a life member of the Oxford Diocesan Guild of Church Bell Ringers and tower captain.

One day in 1965 he came back from bell ringing and told his daughter Rosemary that a nice young man had started bell ringing at the tower. In 1974 that nice young man became his son-in-law, and someone whose Mini van would provide endless hours of mechanical tinkering opportunities.

After 50 years of bell-ringing he had to retire due to arthritis in his hands. In honour of his 100th birthday the bell ringers rang a special quarter-peal. After the quarter peal, he tolled the treble (his bell) with Alison Bailey.

At 107, it was unfortunately time for him to leave Penn and move to a care home near his family in Leicestershire. This enabled me to spend many a Sunday afternoon with him. My last visit with him was a typical one; we finished the nature documentary he was watching and then I showed him pictures of a walk I’d just been on through some bluebell woods. We got into talking about food and then he came out with his usual catchphrase “you’d better get the board down so we can have a game”. We both enjoyed a game of Scrabble and at 109 he was still as sharp as anything.

Over the course of such a remarkably long life, there have been many people who have had an impact on Grandad’s life and deserve a mention in his eulogy. I am unfortunately unable to name everyone who meant a great deal to him. Most notably, Grandad was predeceased by his beloved daughter Sue who was killed in 1989 in a school coach crash and by his cherished
wife Gwen, who passed away in 2005 just before her 90th birthday and their diamond wedding anniversary.

He is survived by his daughter Rosemary, his son-in-law Martin, his grandsons Daniel and me and his two great-grandsons. He was 95 years old when he became a great-grandfather when Issac was born, with Eli following shortly after. A boy whose great-grandfather is 95 at the time of his birth usually doesn’t expect to have a full 14 years with him, but Grandad delivered.

Grandad also leaves behind many loved ones like his nephews Miles and Paul and their families as well as his much-loved neighbour Julie, whose friendship and support allowed him to stay in his own home for so long.

He was loved by many and we will all miss him and his comforting presence. He will forever be in our hearts and minds. I will have fond memories every time I eat a carrot, attempt to grow a tomato plant, play a game of Scrabble, sneak a cheeky jam sandwich, enjoy lamb shanks or take a walk through the woods. And as we say goodbye, with heavy hearts, we remember the humour and happiness he brought into our lives. And if you were wondering how that final game of Scrabble played out… He won!

Jonathan Farnsworth, 3rd June 2024

Tribute to Herbert Ephraim Druce by nephew Miles Collinge

My name is Miles Collinge and I am Herbert’s eldest nephew. But I will refer to him as Uncle Drum, as many of us knew him. He was my favourite uncle, confidant and friend. None of us really knew where Uncle Drum’s name came from, but we think that his girlfriend, and later his wife Aunty Gwen, referred to him as her little drummer boy, possibly because he looked, listened, danced and played to her tune!

Uncle Drum was born on January 6th, 1915. He had two half-brothers and a younger brother Ernie. He married my mother’s sister, Aunty Gwen in 1945. I was a page boy, just 3 years old, and I still remember it well.

Drum was born close by in Beacon Hill. He worked at Slades Garage all his working life. He was a regular of this church for more than 70 years. He loved to sing and was a member of the choir and a bell ringer and attended the local church school opposite. He told me it had very few pupils but despite its elementary education, he was successful at passing the entrance exam to the local grammar school. He had a lady sponsor, but unfortunately his mother said she could not afford the cost, and therefore he left school at the age of 14. He started as an apprentice at the local blacksmiths, ‘Slades’. As cars became more popular in the 1920s and 1930s, Slades converted into a garage and Uncle Drum trained as one of its first motor mechanics.

Uncle Drum was a country man at heart who loved to live out of this garden (this no doubt contributed to his long and healthy life). As well as his garden, church, and singing, he also loved cars and this is probably the reason for his love of Buckinghamshire’s countryside. Amazingly he stayed at Slades Garage as the senior mechanic and foreman for over 40 years, although during the war he also worked at Heston Aerodrome which included critical work on the Spitfires. He later moved to a factory in High Wycombe.

I learnt a great deal when growing up from Uncle Drum. Undoubtedly, he was a graduate of the University of Life. A lot of this was due to his upbringing, his intelligence, communication and engineering skills. He helped my grandfather when as an extended family, we lived at Coppice Farm. He was always there for haymaking, fruit picking and the rearing of the livestock including cows, pigs, goats, chickens and rabbits. In those days we all mucked in, as we lived out and off this very small family farm. Sadly my mother’s parents, my grandparents were made homeless when the Council forced through a compulsory purchase of the farm, later to be built for housing, and as a consequence they moved in for a time with Uncle Drum and Aunty Gwen at their house ‘Thanet’ on Penn Road. By then my parents had bought Kenley Kot close by on Hazlemere Road and were able to share the housing of my grandparents. The loss of my grandparents’ farm was a sad chapter, but our two families were very close and Uncle Drum played a leading role in caring for our extended family. These were happy times – lots of fun and laughter, big family parties, fruit picking, games playing. Every now and again however, Uncle Drum had to show his strength of character, keeping an eye on two robust boys. My brother Paul and I were more than capable of causing …. One word for it might be ….. disruption …….. but his two daughters Rosemary and Sue, although perfect by comparison would stop off on a Sunday morning, often full of mischief and laughter, interrupting our Sunday morning lie-ins on their way to church. Uncle Drum would always take charge on bonfire nights, and there were many events where he took a fatherly and leading role.

His love of cars stayed with him throughout his life. Slades Garage was at the centre of the village and because of his willing and helpful nature, not to mention his skills under an open bonnet, Uncle Drum was popular with everyone. ‘Bluebell’ Slade and her husband Len Gibbs were popular racing drivers at Silverstone, and Uncle Drum’s skills were invaluable, not only to them, but to everyone in the village. For me, in his spare time, he would arrive in navy blue dungarees every evening one summer to rebuild my first car (a pre-war Morris eight). He had bought it for me for £30 and no doubt it would be worth a lot more today, but I sadly redesigned it at the crossroads in Penn Bottom.

I know that one of his proudest moments was when the new owners of Slades Garage collected him on his 100th birthday in one of their Bentleys to visit their new showroom and garage. That was a very big deal for my Uncle who had played a key role in the life and evolution of this garage.

As a people person, Uncle Drum was always popular. Those who knew him well will always remember the twinkle in his eye. He was friends with some of the most influential people in the village. One of the most amazing and amusing memories I have was on his 100th birthday. The Church bells were rung for him and a birthday tea held in the parish hall opposite. When I arrived to collect him, he was to be seen proudly striding high, escorted across the road by Dame Mary Berry.

There are so many stories, but Uncle Drum and the entire family had to face tragedy too. The loss of their second daughter Sue in 1989 was traumatic. Sue was a talented artist and teacher. She was leading a school party to the coast and was sitting upfront in the coach when the driver lost control. Sue’s death hit my aunt and uncle very hard. Uncle Drum bore the strain of the inquest with quiet fortitude. Undoubtedly, Sue’s untimely passing brought a deep sadness to Aunty Gwen and Uncle Drum. My Aunt made a good age herself, passing away in hospital at 90 in 2005. My uncle would visit every day. He read his Bible every day, and this seemed to boost his inner strength. He was always a good man who lacked any malice.

As a father, grandfather and uncle he was much respected and loved within the family. His years living alone were long, but he read every day and he thought a lot. He was very lucky in having a lovely lady who lived next door Julie, who would visit him throughout the day providing care and support. Julie’s husband John too was always there in times of need to help. Uncle Drum loved seeing their daughters grow up, get married and he nursed their babies with gentle tenderness.

Rosemary would phone him every day and her support and love was always there. He still managed to see her family frequently, including his grandsons Jonathan and Daniel and their families, during visits to Leicester. Eventually, he decided he needed to move closer and relocated to a local care home near Rosemary and Martin. The staff were kind and very supportive, but I know that he missed his home and the village of Penn. Rosemary visited him frequently and Jonathan his Grandson came to see him most Sundays to play Uncle Drum’s favourite game of Scrabble. Extraordinarily, just over a week before he died he managed to beat Jonathan (no mean feat).

I have tried to give you a glimpse into Uncle Drum’s life. To his family and friends he projected a positive enthusiasm for life. Even my wife Jean, my son and daughter Graeme and Nicola say he never changed and remarkably always seemed to look the same. Even his hair stayed a lighter shade of brown and his face showed little sign of his advanced years. Remarkably, when being interviewed on his 108th birthday, he was asked to provide one word to describe his long life and great age – and he replied ‘Contentment’, with a wink and a twinkle in his eye.

Uncle Drum, as in the days of old, lived a country life, and I tip my hat to him. He made the amazing age of 109, by the time he passed, I believe the 5th oldest in the country, but more than that, he was an extraordinary man of Penn.

Miles Collinge, 3rd June 2024

The Harley Family of Penn

This is an unusually interesting and helpful response to a request for information from a Canadian lady who knew only that one of her forebears, Thomas Harley, had been employed as a gamekeeper at Penn House. Earl Howe, the descendant of the gamekeeper’s Victorian employer, and Ron Saunders, one of Penn’s historians, joined forces to give her a description of the significance of Gamekeeper Thomas’s role ; a detailed description of the wedding of Thomas’s son, another Thomas, in 1918, by someone who was actually there; confirmation that the second Thomas was also a Penn House estate gamekeeper since he lived at Keeper’s Cottage in 1939; and then a description of Norman, the third generation Harley, by Earl Howe his employer, who not only knew him, but spoke at his funeral in the 1990s. Details of children and burial plots were an added bonus.

Initial Enquiry, from: Linda Gould – 3^rd July 2022
One of my ancestors – my 2x great grandfather- Thomas Harley, was a gamekeeper to Earl Howe at Penn house in the late 1880’s. he died in 1891 and is buried at the Holy Trinity church (Penn) along with his wife, Emma, who died in 1934 and his son, Thomas, in 1947.

And Phyllis May Harley née Beale 8th May 1897- 18th December 1949
I was wondering if there would be any records of staff who worked at Penn house and if so where i could find them? I live in Canada so rely on the internet for my research. Thank you so much, and again what an amazing site.

Holy Trinity Penn Burial Register: Old Churchyard
Plot A 33: Thomas Harley, age 41, 29^th February 1892; Emma Harley 1934

Plot F 68: Tom Harley 10th January 1890 – 19th April 1947;
and Phyllis May Harley née Beale 8th May 1897- 18th December 1949

New Churchyard:
Burial: Plot 124A. Shielah Harley
Ashes: Plot 256B. Norman Harley

Earl Howe:
I wish very much that I could provide you with some substantive information relating to your twice-great grandfather. Regrettably, however, staff records of those who worked on the Penn Estate during the nineteenth century have not survived. Your information that Thomas Harley was a gamekeeper (in fact probably one of several) is extremely interesting, as it underlines the importance that my family attached to shooting on the Estate at that time. In fact, the heyday of the Penn House shoot came a little after your ancestor’s death, between about 1895 and 1906, when there were visits by members of the British and continental royal families, together with leading members of the aristocracy, for shooting weekends. Nevertheless, Thomas Harley would probably have been one of those who were instrumental in establishing Penn as a highly desirable shooting venue, including the establishment of strategically placed woodland plantations, designed expressly to enhance the shooting experience. You will probably be aware that the shooting of game birds, especially but not exclusively pheasant and partridge, became a highly popular winter pastime in this country from about 1870 onwards. (It remains popular to this day, though on a much smaller scale.)

A Shooting Party outside Penn House Farm, Penn Bottom, 4th January 1894. The Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) is centre/right. From Britain in Old Photographs, Penn and Tylers Green, 2000.

Ron Saunders:
In the village archives there are extracts from a diary written by Maude Smith of Elm Road Penn, covering some of the years of the Great War, she was a friend of Phyllis May Beale who married Thomas Harley in Holy Trinity Penn in January 1918 and was a guest at their wedding which she recorded in some detail in the said diary.

Maude Smith’s Diary:
Saturday January 12th 1918, Thomas Harley and Alice Beale’s wedding

Extra special day today! In morn I hurried up, & got leg done early & dressed & started for Penn Church at 10.30, to see May’s wedding. The wedding party, walked & past us on the road. The roads were fearfully muddy, it was hard work for poor Elsie. We arrived in Church, just as the service commenced. Mrs Church was there also Harry. Fancy! Harry there, and he used to go with May. May & Tom got through their part alright; it was soon all over. May looked very nice in a navy-blue costume, & white silk blouse; & such a pretty pale pink hat. She had her hair crimped nicely & she looked alright; & quite happy, so did Tom. Then we all came home to Beales, & had a jolly nice time. Oh! it does seem so funny, to think that May my dear old playmate is now Mrs Harley. I did not like to go into Beales at first, so stayed in Mrs Saunders till May came & fetched me out. So then I got on alright afterwards. They put the gramophone on, but it made an awful row at first, as it was damp, (the records were). We had drinks, biscuits, chocs & nice things galore! After a time, we all marched into Mrs Saunders for dinner. Such a lovely dinner. We all thoroughly enjoyed it. I had cold ham, & baked potatoes & green peas. This was followed by lemonade, & Xmas pudding. May & Tom seemed very very happy all day, & everyone says how well matched they are. After dinner, we went back into Beales & had the gramophone on again. The house was simply crowded. All the kids had their meals in Beale’s house. Bob & Elsie came in aft, & lots more folks arrived. The talking & gossiping & merrymaking well! It’s a wonder my head didn’t ache! Later on we all marched into Saunders for tea. My word what a tea!! Such heaps of everything, could not get through half the grub, & then May never cut her lovely big wedding cake. Such a beauty, with fancy roses on the top, & a wee little doll called “Marmaduke”. Great fun was caused by that. In fact, May & Tom had to put up with a great deal of chaffing! Mr Beale was well awa’ with himsel’ & enjoying himself fine, being fussed up by his nieces who had been bridesmaids. Jenny & Alice Harley, were the little bridesmaids, dressed all in white, with blue sashes & white hats trimmed with blue. They both looked very nice. After tea more guests kept arriving, & biscuits & drinks kept coming round. Mrs Nance Beale kept making us laugh, so did Mrs Louis (Lewis) & when old Will Wheeler, well! We all kept roaring, with laughter. As he’s enough to make a cat laugh! Everybody was sorry he had to leave us early, at 9pm. We had supper first & more drinks & bon bons. I had ham sandwich followed by lovely cold mutton sandwich. Enjoyed it fine! Mum came along about 6.30 & brought me a letter which had come by post for me. It was quite a strange handwriting & was from the Straits Settlements Federated Malay States. The girl (Alice Vaz) wishes me to correspond with her. She wrote a very nice letter. She says a friend gave her my address so I can’t imagine who that can be; Miss Benson had brought me along a nice ¼ lb lovely fresh butter, & Mrs Hancock had sent my nightgown along; I found when I got home at 11 o clock. Dad & the kids were in bed so Mum & I had a cup of coffee together to end up with. It has been a most enjoyable day. I do hope May will have the best of luck & a happy life in her married life. It is just one year today, since poor Alice died. It does seem a coincidence that May was married today.

Harry
Henry F.J. Church, son of Frederick & Louisa Church and brother to Maude’s’ late lamented friend, Alice. He did eventually find true love marrying Catherine Saunders in 1921

Tom
Tom Harley was born in Penn in 1890 he worked as a cowman on a farm and lived with his widowed mother, Emma.

Jenny and Alice Harley
11-year-old Jenny was in fact Margaret Jennie Beale, the bride’s youngest sister and 12-year-old Alice was the groom’s niece.

Mrs Louis
This should be Mrs LEWIS. Esther Lewis, who was a witness to the wedding, was born Esther Collins in Hazlemere in 1890. The middle of the seven surviving children of George and Elizabeth Collins she married Bert Lewis in 1907. Bert was an upholsterer by trade, working for both Randall Brothers and Wm. Bartlett and Sons in Wycombe.

In 1915 he enlisted in the Wiltshire Regiment and was killed at Gallipoli in October of that year He is remembered on both the Hazlemere and Tylers Green War Memorials. By January 1918 Esther, presumably was re-building her life, only to be hit hard again, just three months later, when her youngest brother, Walter Stanley Collins was killed, only 18, he was serving with The Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry when he fell on 12^th April 1918, he is remembered on the Loos Corner Cemetery and locally in Hazlemere. Esther did eventually re-marry, this time to George Page in 1920.

poor Alice died
A reference to Lydia Alice Church who had indeed died in January 1917 another young victim of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Mrs Nance Beale
Probably the aunt of the bride

Ron Saunders:
Thomas Harley and his wife Phyllis had a son Norman George (born 1929). He appears on the 1939 Register living with his parents at “Keepers Cottage Penn“ (age 10). He married Sheila Ann Bagley in 1956 in Wycombe Registration District. Sheila died in Wycombe Registration District in October 1987 aged 49, and Norman died in 1998 in Milton Keynes Registration District. They had 5 children, 3 girls and two boys, Norman died in the 1990’s.

Earl Howe:
When I first arrived at Penn in 1986, my assistant cowman/tractor driver at Penn Street Farm was Norman Harley. Norman was the most amenable of men. Content with his lot, always smiling and never complaining. This was best exemplified when, one day, he was driving an old tractor over very uneven ground and accidentally amputated the end-joint of a finger when the tractor lurched sideways and knocked against a tree. All Norman did was bandage up the finger and carry on with his work – still smiling! He retired at 65, having worked on the Estate for very many years – probably ever since leaving school. I spoke at his funeral in the 1990’s.

With thanks to Linda Gould, Earl Howe and Ron Saunders, July 2022.

Baylins Farm, Field Names

The earliest easily available source for Penn field names is the 1838 Penn Tithe Map which is a detailed and pretty accurate map of all the field boundaries in the parish with an accompanying Award showing the name of the field, whether it was arable, pasture or meadow, who owned and who occupied it, and its size. Size was measured in acres, roods (1/4 acre) and perches (40 to a rood). Woods were not charged a tithe, but their size and name was recorded in the Award. You can compare with a modern map to discover old hedge lines.

Click on image to enlarge to screen width

Then there is the fun of trying to decide why the field was so-called. There are field name dictionaries to help with this and common sense doesn’t always work. For instance, I thought ‘Wopses’ might mean ‘very large’, as in ‘what a whopper’, but according to John Field’s, English Field names, A Dictionary (1972), it derives from Old English wœps meaning ‘overgrown, scrubby’. Names can last for many centuries depending on stability of ownership and how much the name was used. Pond and road names are the strongest survivors, but many field names are centuries old.

The Tithe map extract shows the fields which used to belong to Baylins Farm, which is in Knotty Green, on the right as you drive into Beaconsfield from Penn with fields running up to Saucy Corner. Oliver Heal, the owner of the farm, has added the names of the fields which used to belong to the farm including several variants of ‘Wopses’. The fields grouped around the farm house, marked in green, are described by the Tithe Award as ‘meadow’. All the rest is arable. Over the years, some of the field boundaries have changed, but many have survived.

‘Drews Meadow’ and, I suspect mistakenly transcribed ‘Great Drews’ and ‘Little Drews’, were named after and perhaps once part of what is shown on the Penn 1852 Inclosure Award as Drews Green, a small common on both sides of the main road below Clay Street which you see now as a wide roadside verge on one side only. The name could be from an old personal name, Dru, Dreu or Drogo.

‘Cole Hearth Wood’ records one or more charcoal hearths – typically a circular level platform about 10m in diameter on which the hearth made of wooden faggots was built. Also look for dark soil and dust.

Miles Green and Oliver Heal, July 2022

Baylins 1900 – 2020

The arrival of the Great Western & Great Central Joint Railway at Beaconsfield in 1906 brought huge changes that effected the whole area. Beaconsfield New Town grew up from almost nothing to cater for commuters traveling to and from London’s Marylebone Station. The railway had come as far as Slough in 1838, and a branch ran from Maidenhead to High Wycombe from 1854, so the line through Beaconsfield was a relatively late addition to the network. The prospect of a forthcoming rail link enticed landowners to offer land for speculative development. The 4^th Earl Howe, Richard George Penn Curzon (1864-1929), who had been MP for Wycombe until 1900 before becoming a member of the House of Lords upon his father’s death, began to offer building plots from his estate along Ledborough Lane in 1903. In 1906 a further 105 acres of land were released on either side of the Penn Road. The area North of Knotty Green was zoned for ‘superior country residences’ with a minimum value of £750 on land that had previously been farmed by the tenants at Baylins Farm.

Among the houses that sprang up close to Baylins before the First World War were Whichert (now Jevington), Witheridge, West Witheridge (possibly inter-war), Davidge and Drews. This would have significantly reduced the size of the farm. The man who appears to have been behind much of this development was Henry Dixon-Davis who was the solicitor to the railway with an address at Marylebone Station. The architect for Whichert House built in 1906, was Charles Biddulph-Pinchard FRIBA who also built himself a house off the Forty Green Road.

Even if reduced in size, Baylins Farm was still an active farm operated by William Priest in the years before World War One. We have a fairly detailed record of the condition of the buildings at that time from the survey published in 1912 by the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments. It is worth reproducing in full for the detail it provides.

Royal Commission on Historical Monuments,
Buckinghamshire (South) – 1912

PENN, KNOTTY GREEN :-

Baylins Farm, 1 mile S.E. of the church, is a house of two storeys, and timber-framed with brick fillings; the roofs are tiled. It was built probably early in the 16^th century, on an L-shaped plan, with wings extending towards the N. and W.; in the 17^th century a room was added on the E. side; in the 18^th century the building was much restored, and further additions were made in the 19^th century. The S. front retains a little original timber framing, and some 17^th-century brick, but has been much rebuilt with 18^th-century brick; the doorway has an original four-centred head, with sunk spandrels. On the E. side the N. end has original timber-framing with filling of thin bricks, and at the S. end the lower storey is of 17^th-century brick, and there is a projecting chimney stack of very thin bricks, probably original. The W. side is modern, except the gable at the end of the W. wing, which is of thin bricks, with an original two light window, now blocked. The N. side of the W. wing also has a gable of thin bricks, restored at the top and covered with plaster. Interior: – On the ground floor the dining room, in the W. wing, has large intersecting moulded beams and joists in the ceiling, all now covered with whitewash; the fireplace is partly blocked. The drawing room is lined with panelling of various dates, chiefly of the 17^th century, all painted. Three doors, in four-centred openings, are original, of wide battens with strap hinges. The staircase has, on each side, a handrail on brackets, probably of the 17th century. On the first floor the roof-timbers are visible, the trusses have curved struts and wind-braces.

The walls surrounding the garden on the S. side of the house are built of flint and thin bricks, probably of the 17^th century; and the E. wall has buttresses of 18^th century brick, and a small building at the S. end is modern; the W. wall now forms the side of a barn. In the wall adjoining the house are two small niches with arches of thin bricks.

Condition – Of house, fairly good, some parts poor; of garden walls, poor.

William Priest who had been the tenant farmer since 1875, died in October 1917. His wife and family continued to live at Baylins Farm until 1919 but Lord Howe decided to sell the house and about eight acres of surrounding paddocks. The remaining farmland was then worked from other farms on the Howe estate.

Ambrose & Edith Heal

Ambrose and Edith Heal who had moved from Pinner in 1917 and were living at “Little Bekkons” in Westfield Road, Beaconsfield, were attracted by the possibilities offered by the rather run-down yet historic Baylins Farm.

Ambrose was much influenced by the design ideas of William Morris; he was a member of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (S.P.A.B.) set up by Morris in 1877 as a reaction against insensitive and extensive renovations that had become fashionable in the Victorian era. He was also a member of the Art Workers’ Guild where many of the leading architects and designers of the day would meet as part of the Arts and Crafts Movement, and for whom the study of old English vernacular buildings was a crucial part of their training. Already renowned for designing simple unadorned oak furniture, Ambrose saw that Baylins could provide the perfect setting to demonstrate the timelessness and appropriateness of his work, as well as an attractive family home.

Ambrose’s wife, Edith Heal, was the daughter of the Irish poet and playwright, John Todhunter. Born in London she had trained at the Slade School of Art in London before marrying Ambrose and starting a family. Once they had moved to Baylins Farm she appears to have devoted herself to creating wonderful Arts & Crafts gardens around the house where previously had been a rather derelict and muddy farmyard.

The architects engaged to restore and modernize the house and also to produce a plan for the gardens were Edwin Forbes and Duncan Tate whose office was in Jermyn Street, London. However Forbes & Tate had designed a number of houses in Buckinghamshire before the First World War which had been featured in The Studio so they were familiar with the area and Ambrose would have been well aware of their work. They were beginning to work on plans and costings for Baylins in the summer of 1919, but the Priest family were still in residence and even though negotiations with the Howe estate to buy the house were progressing, Edwin Forbes wrote to Ambrose Heal on 11^th September 1919 that “The Priests have flatly refused to allow us inside Baylins Farm” to carry out a survey. However they had already measured up the size and layout of the rooms in June which were sufficient for design purposes. By mid-November things had advanced sufficiently for Rust & Ratcliffe to be appointed as builders for the job and the Priest’s must have left by the end of that month as work started on site in December.

The Gardens

A working farm had very little space devoted to garden. The area around the house was mostly a sloping muddy farmyard with hayricks or paddocks for grazing cows. The creation of a large structured garden in an Arts & Crafts style was one of the most significant changes the Heals made to the property when they arrived. It was largely the work of Edith and it became her life’s work to maintain and develop the garden. The outline concept of four, levelled, descending terraced areas stemmed from Forbes & Tate but it seems that Edith was responsible for softening the design and she was certainly the person behind the selection of plants and detail planning area by area.

In the early years of the century much thought had been given to garden layouts and their relationship to the houses they surrounded. The best known garden designer of those times was Gertrude Jekyll and much of her work had been featured in Country Life. In 1912 she published with Sir Lawrence Weaver her hugely influential book Gardens for Small Country Houses and Ambrose and Edith owned a copy of it. The garden at Baylins was planned to incorporate many of the features that Jekyll used in her gardens; stone paved walks, grass walks, gravel paths, yew hedges to enclose and create different rooms, a pergola, a pond, herbaceous borders, pleached limes, brick and flint walls, curved brick steps. It also incorporated a tennis court, a fives court and probably a bowling alley, beyond which were apple and cherry orchards, as well as vegetable gardens.

Among the unique features at Baylins was the cobbled courtyard with its geometric pattern of knapped flints. From that a few gentle steps led down to the oval grass lawn with herbaceous borders that cleverly disguised the asymmetric shape of the quadrilateral space in which it was placed. The transition from interior to exterior rooms was linked by the verandah – a raised open room from which to appreciate the garden sheltered from sun or rain. The “outdoor rooms” were conceived to include a Winter Garden and a Spring & Autumn Garden. The granary which had stood near the position of the new verandah was moved on rollers to its position overlooking the valley, in what was henceforth known as the Granary Field, where it was remounted on its staddle stones and used as a summer house.

The House

Work on the house itself was done sympathetically. What had previously been the cart shed was linked to the main house through the construction of servant’s quarters at the North East corner. The cart shed itself with windows installed facing south provided a children’s playroom heated by a specially imported Swedish ceramic stove, and the main entrance hall along with cloakroom. Although there were massive oak double entrance doors these were discreetly tucked under a low roof line, making for a very unpretentious opening in an Arts & Crafts manner. From the quarry-tiled hall passageway led to the parlour which had been opened up by removing partitioning and re-floored with wide oak boards. The parlour housed two of the most distinctive new features – the ceiling beams were decorated by the architect and map designer MacDonald Gill and his two assistants . The fireplace surround consisted of hand painted tiles showing the signs of the zodiac and the four winds. The concept for the fireplace design stemmed from Ambrose and he consulted various “experts” to ensure the layout was correct. The Poole pottery tiles used were decorated by Minnie McLeish who is better known as a textile designer. The bathrooms upstairs also featured decorative tiling. The floor in the spare bedroom sloped severely reflecting an ancient structural problem and so it was fitted with a unique set of built-in bedroom furniture constructed of pinewood with a comb-painting finish, a technique that had recently been developed to decorate less expensive timbers. Externally the most noticeable feature was the installation of mostly standardized metal frame Crittall windows.

For more details and interior photographs, see: Ambrose Heal at Home: a glimpse into the private collection of the famed furniture designer

Anthony & Theodora Heal

Following the death of Edith Heal in 1947, Anthony and his wife Theodora along with their five year-old son, Ambrose, moved to Baylins to look after his ageing father, Sir Ambrose. Anthony Heal Obituary:
Also: Racing Drivers of Penn: Anthony Heal

The Gardens

In that post-war period of austerity it was not feasible to keep up the gardens as they had been in Edith’s lifetime. Theo did not share Edith’s passion for gardening but instead sought to use the fields for livestock and gradually the size of the formal gardens were reduced somewhat. Baylins was registered officially as a smallholding. At different times there were pigs, a redpoll cow for milk, and then a couple of Aberdeen Angus cows that raised calves to be sold for meat. Most memorable perhaps were the donkeys. Lucy was a pregnant mare who came from the Ada Cole Memorial Stables who subsequently gave birth to Sammy at Baylins Farm. They were joined by another mare Clarissa (also from Ada Cole) and later by two dark brown donkeys, Duke and Duchess, who came from Lord Montagu’s estate at Beaulieu in the New Forest.

Baylins from the South, 2009

Oliver Heal, January 2024

Puttenham Place

Puttenham Place, West facing

In about the 1130s, Geoffrey de Turville, a wealthy baron, was the feudal overlord of the de la Penne family who held the manor of Penn from him, probably taking their name from the manor as was often the custom, although it is possible that they brought their name over from France where there are several places called Penne. Nine centuries later, the present Earl Howe is a descendant of these de la Pennes.

Geoffrey de Turville gave his younger son, William, the manor of Puttenham in Hertfordshire, and so William changed his name to de Puttenham. William’s daughter inherited a property in Penn from her father which we now know as Puttenham Place Farm because some of her Puttenham descendants lived there. The property can reasonably be identified in a grant of land in Penn in the year 1199 of a ‘croft called Withiheg which lies in the great field’.

This name, ‘Withiheg’ would seem to be preserved in the modern Witheridge Lane which, until the 19^th century, did not continue on past Penbury up to the Crown, but used to turn down towards Church Knoll. The track from Church Knoll up the fold of the valley arrives at what is now Puttenham Place which a romantic imagination can still see as ‘lying in a great field’ surrounded by a high hedge of ‘withies’. The ancient house, latterly used as a farm, lies just ¼ mile behind the Red Lion down a track which used to be called Puts Lane.

This Turville/Puttenham property became a small independent manor in Penn, so that in 1305, the Hertfordshire de Puttenham heir was confirmed as holding the manors of Puttenham and Penn as heir to his father, by service (to the Turville overlords) of one knight’s fee and a pair of gilt spurs. In 1340, the property was the home of Sir Roger de Puttenham who was Knight of the Shire for Buckinghamshire eight times between 1355 & 1374, as well as Commissioner of the Peace four times between 1350 & 1367.

The property was described as a messuage, a carucate (a substantial area of land, perhaps 100 plus acres), 40 acres of woodland, farm buildings, a chapel and a bakehouse. There were 40 apple trees, 50 oak, 200 ash and 3,000 beech. Sir Roger’s son, Robert (c.1370-1444), made a very wealthy marriage to Margaret Warbelton. An architectural assessment by John Chenevix Trench, a leading local historian, who was editor of the Record of Bucks for several years, puts the older part of the house as c.1450 or conceivably a few years earlier, allowing us to identify Robert Puttenham as the likely builder. It was built as a medieval hall, open to the roof, with a central hearth and smoke escaping through a louvre in the roof. It had at least one oriel window.

This was the high point of the Penn-based Puttenhams. Robert’s son, Henry, was pardoned by King Henry VI for killing a man near Puttenham, and in 1466, was with his son and about 60 others in an assault on Missenden Abbey. He was the last to hold both Puttenham and their small manor in Penn together and thereafter three of his sons established separate lines. Two generation later, the 1522 Muster return recorded the Puttenhams (by then often spelled ‘Putnam’) as the third largest landowners in the parish after Penn and Segrave manors, but by 1594 their tax payment showed they had sold off half their property and Puttenham Place was sold the next year to John Pen, then the lord of the manor of Penn. The common field sold in the 1590s could perhaps be seen as the ‘great field’ of 1199. Earl Howe still owns Puttenham Place which is let on a very long lease.

The two brothers, William and Richard, who had inherited in 1589, continued to live in Penn and died there in the 1630s. William (d 1638) had two sons, Jos (b1592) and William (b 1593) of whom there is no further mention in Penn and it could be that they emigrated to the New World. More than a century ago, a well-known New England printing firm called Putnam visited England and tried, unsuccessfully, to buy the house from the then Earl Howe.

Puttenham Place, East facing, c. 2000 after restoration

Miles Green (revised. Jan 2024)

History, Monuments and Memorials of Penn

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