Local History and People

Herbert Druce 1915 – 2024

Herbie Druce was born and lived in Penn and died 7th May 2024 aged 109, the fifth oldest man in England. His funeral was held at Holy Trinity, Penn 3rd June 2024, followed by burial in the churchyard with his late wife Gwen.

His grandson, Jonathan Farnsworth and his nephews, Miles Collinge and Paul, spoke at his funeral, and their tributes are printed below.

Tribute by grandson, Jonathan Farnsworth

Family and friends, We gather today, not only to say farewell to a remarkable man, but also to celebrate a life of love, laughter and generosity. Today, we remember and honour my Grandad, Herbert, or Drum, as he was known to many.

He was born at Meadowcroft Cottage, Beacon Hill, Penn, not very far from here, on January the 6th 1915. He passed away on May the 7th this year at 109 and 122 days. This not only made him the oldest person in Leicestershire but the fifth oldest man in the UK. He was getting quite tired of all the birthday cards from the Royal Family!

Growing up, Grandad had a younger brother, Ernie, along with two half-brothers, Harry and Albert Greaves. His father, a general carrier, rented the 2 ½ acre meadow behind their cottage where he grew all kinds of fruit for Covent Garden Market.

Shortly after his fifth birthday, he started his education at Penn School across the road. At the time the only heating they had was a coal fire in each room; it was still the same when he left. For years, there was no connection to the water mains, and the toilets were outside. Hot dinners could be had for tuppence-halfpenny a day.

When he was about 7 he was moved up to spend the rest of his school days with the headteacher, a very strict but very fair teacher, who he liked very much. He was always happy to go to school. Reverend Mumford, his scripture examiner, later became the Vicar of Penn.

Apart from the three Rs, Grandad also studied history, geography, nature, hygiene, art, leatherwork, country dancing and poetry. He could still recite Longfellow from memory one hundred years after he first learned it. All in all, it was a varied education and happy years spent at Penn Church of England School.

As a youngster, Grandad did errands for the villagers, going to High Wycombe, shopping for them and going on his father’s horse and cart to Beaconsfield to collect packages from the station. He would often sit on the wall of the Crown Inn (right across the street from where we are now) looking after the horses while the carrier was inside. His father died when he was 11, and although two of the local gentry offered to pay his fees to the grammar school, his mother needed him to go to work, and so he left school at age 14.

He started work at the blacksmith’s forge opposite his home in Beacon Hill before the introduction of the motor car. He looked after the horses and mended saucepans and kettles, put tyres on prams, charged radio batteries, replaced oil lamp wicks and even stood in on the milk round on several occasions. At one time he used to know everybody in Penn and Tylers Green.

After a few years the forge became Slade’s Garage. He spent time in the garage side of the building, eventually working on cars, vans and motorcycles. At that time, George Slade, the owner, took part in long distance trials, riding a motorcycle and sidecar. On one occasion he rode from Slough to Land’s End with his 15-year-old apprentice. That apprentice was Grandad.

He worked in the garage until 1940 when the government appealed for men for the aircraft industry to help the war effort. He volunteered for the RAF but was turned down. So, as a mechanic, he went to work at Heston Aircraft factory in Slough. After 2 years he was transferred to their High Wycombe disposal factory, where he remained until the Wellington bomber was phased out. The government then directed him into transport at one of the major operators in High Wycombe eventually taking charge of the workshop. He stayed there for some years until one day he received a letter from Mr Slade asking if he would consider going back to the garage. He accepted the offer and stayed at Slade’s as head mechanic; serving residents with petrol and repairing their cars until his retirement.

Grandad was caring and thoughtful. Rosemary remembers once when they had a heavy snowfall, and without hesitation or prompting, he went straight to the houses of the local doctors and fitted snow chains on their tyres so that they were able to get to their patients.

He met his wife Gwen at the local Saturday dance in Tylers Green. They were married here at Penn Church in 1945 and were the first couple to be married by the vicar – Reverend Muspratt. After marrying Gwen, he moved from Beacon Hill to Coppice Farm to live with Gwen’s parents. There, they had two daughters, Rosemary in 1948 and Sue in 1950. Then in 1952 they bought their own house, Thanet, on Penn Road, where he stayed for 70 years.

His daughter Rosemary has many happy memories of him when she was growing up. She cherishes memories of the happy Sunday afternoons where the family would go on picnics at Christmas Common with her cousins Miles, Paul and Gina. She remembers how her Dad would come home from work and say he’d had “a good day”. That meant he’d had some good tips from very appreciative customers.

He loved his garden, growing flowers and lots of vegetables. He was particularly fond of his sweet-peas and whenever we visited during school holidays there were always fresh vegetables. I’ve eaten enough of his home grown carrots that I’ve still got 20/20 vision in my 40s. He continued with a bit of gardening into his hundreds; I was still receiving my tomato saplings from him at 107. In his later years he took up darning, made pastry for his mince pies, and got his chicken casserole down to a tee.

He spent many holidays with his family at Weymouth enjoying the beach and walks along the front and sometimes a game of pitch and putt with the girls after their evening meal. He and Gwen loved to walk along the Thames at Marlow on a Sunday afternoon meeting up with family.
The only time he went abroad was to go to Keukonhof Gardens in Amsterdam to see the tulip fields. They both enjoyed holidays with mountains and scenery and as they aged would join us on our holidays to the Lake District and Snowdonia. Squeezing 6 of us in the same car with all the luggage was quite a feat. He always enjoyed a good laugh, good food, being with family and friends and to reminisce about Penn and its villagers.

This church, where we are all gathered today, was an essential piece of Grandad’s life. He was a member of the choir here for 60 years, from the time he was 7 years old. Besides being a chorister, he started as a candle boy and later became a crucifer carrying the cross at the head of the procession. At 14 he started bell ringing, becoming a life member of the Oxford Diocesan Guild of Church Bell Ringers and tower captain.

One day in 1965 he came back from bell ringing and told his daughter Rosemary that a nice young man had started bell ringing at the tower. In 1974 that nice young man became his son-in-law, and someone whose Mini van would provide endless hours of mechanical tinkering opportunities.

After 50 years of bell-ringing he had to retire due to arthritis in his hands. In honour of his 100th birthday the bell ringers rang a special quarter-peal. After the quarter peal, he tolled the treble (his bell) with Alison Bailey.

At 107, it was unfortunately time for him to leave Penn and move to a care home near his family in Leicestershire. This enabled me to spend many a Sunday afternoon with him. My last visit with him was a typical one; we finished the nature documentary he was watching and then I showed him pictures of a walk I’d just been on through some bluebell woods. We got into talking about food and then he came out with his usual catchphrase “you’d better get the board down so we can have a game”. We both enjoyed a game of Scrabble and at 109 he was still as sharp as anything.

Over the course of such a remarkably long life, there have been many people who have had an impact on Grandad’s life and deserve a mention in his eulogy. I am unfortunately unable to name everyone who meant a great deal to him. Most notably, Grandad was predeceased by his beloved daughter Sue who was killed in 1989 in a school coach crash and by his cherished
wife Gwen, who passed away in 2005 just before her 90th birthday and their diamond wedding anniversary.

He is survived by his daughter Rosemary, his son-in-law Martin, his grandsons Daniel and me and his two great-grandsons. He was 95 years old when he became a great-grandfather when Issac was born, with Eli following shortly after. A boy whose great-grandfather is 95 at the time of his birth usually doesn’t expect to have a full 14 years with him, but Grandad delivered.

Grandad also leaves behind many loved ones like his nephews Miles and Paul and their families as well as his much-loved neighbour Julie, whose friendship and support allowed him to stay in his own home for so long.

He was loved by many and we will all miss him and his comforting presence. He will forever be in our hearts and minds. I will have fond memories every time I eat a carrot, attempt to grow a tomato plant, play a game of Scrabble, sneak a cheeky jam sandwich, enjoy lamb shanks or take a walk through the woods. And as we say goodbye, with heavy hearts, we remember the  humour and happiness he brought into our lives. And if you were wondering how that final game of Scrabble played out… He won!

Jonathan Farnsworth, 3rd June 2024

Tribute to Herbert Ephraim Druce by nephew Miles Collinge

My name is Miles Collinge and I am Herbert’s eldest nephew. But I will refer to him as Uncle Drum, as many of us knew him. He was my favourite uncle, confidant and friend. None of us really knew where Uncle Drum’s name came from, but we think that his girlfriend, and later his wife Aunty Gwen, referred to him as her little drummer boy, possibly because he looked, listened, danced and played to her tune!

Uncle Drum was born on January 6th, 1915. He had two half-brothers and a younger brother Ernie. He married my mother’s sister, Aunty Gwen in 1945. I was a page boy, just 3 years old, and I still remember it well.

Drum was born close by in Beacon Hill. He worked at Slades Garage all his working life. He was a regular of this church for more than 70 years. He loved to sing and was a member of the choir and a bell ringer and attended the local church school opposite. He told me it had very few pupils but despite its elementary education, he was successful at passing the entrance exam to the local grammar school. He had a lady sponsor, but unfortunately his mother said she could not afford the cost, and therefore he left school at the age of 14. He started as an apprentice at the local blacksmiths, ‘Slades’. As cars became more popular in the 1920s and 1930s, Slades converted into a garage and Uncle Drum trained as one of its first motor mechanics.

Uncle Drum was a country man at heart who loved to live out of this garden (this no doubt contributed to his long and healthy life). As well as his garden, church, and singing, he also loved cars and this is probably the reason for his love of Buckinghamshire’s countryside. Amazingly he stayed at Slades Garage as the senior mechanic and foreman for over 40 years, although during the war he also worked at Heston Aerodrome which included critical work on the Spitfires. He later moved to a factory in High Wycombe.

I learnt a great deal when growing up from Uncle Drum. Undoubtedly, he was a graduate of the University of Life. A lot of this was due to his upbringing, his intelligence, communication and engineering skills. He helped my grandfather when as an extended family, we lived at Coppice Farm. He was always there for haymaking, fruit picking and the rearing of the livestock including cows, pigs, goats, chickens and rabbits. In those days we all mucked in, as we lived out and off this very small family farm. Sadly my mother’s parents, my grandparents were made homeless when the Council forced through a compulsory purchase of the farm, later to be built for housing, and as a consequence they moved in for a time with Uncle Drum and Aunty Gwen at their house ‘Thanet’ on Penn Road. By then my parents had bought Kenley Kot close by on Hazlemere Road and were able to share the housing of my grandparents. The loss of my grandparents’ farm was a sad chapter, but our two families were very close and Uncle Drum played a leading role in caring for our extended family. These were happy times – lots of fun and laughter, big family parties, fruit picking, games playing. Every now and again however, Uncle Drum had to show his strength of character, keeping an eye on two robust boys. My brother Paul and I were more than capable of causing …. One word for it might be ….. disruption …….. but his two daughters Rosemary and Sue, although perfect by comparison would stop off on a Sunday morning, often full of mischief and laughter, interrupting our Sunday morning lie-ins on their way to church. Uncle Drum would always take charge on bonfire nights, and there were many events where he took a fatherly and leading role.

His love of cars stayed with him throughout his life. Slades Garage was at the centre of the village and because of his willing and helpful nature, not to mention his skills under an open bonnet, Uncle Drum was popular with everyone. ‘Bluebell’ Slade and her husband Len Gibbs were popular racing drivers at Silverstone, and Uncle Drum’s skills were invaluable, not only to them, but to everyone in the village. For me, in his spare time, he would arrive in navy blue dungarees every evening one summer to rebuild my first car (a pre-war Morris eight). He had bought it for me for £30 and no doubt it would be worth a lot more today, but I sadly redesigned it at the crossroads in Penn Bottom.

I know that one of his proudest moments was when the new owners of Slades Garage collected him on his 100th birthday in one of their Bentleys to visit their new showroom and garage. That was a very big deal for my Uncle who had played a key role in the life and evolution of this garage.

As a people person, Uncle Drum was always popular. Those who knew him well will always remember the twinkle in his eye. He was friends with some of the most influential people in the village. One of the most amazing and amusing memories I have was on his 100th birthday. The Church bells were rung for him and a birthday tea held in the parish hall opposite. When I arrived to collect him, he was to be seen proudly striding high, escorted across the road by Dame Mary Berry.

There are so many stories, but Uncle Drum and the entire family had to face tragedy too. The loss of their second daughter Sue in 1989 was traumatic. Sue was a talented artist and teacher. She was leading a school party to the coast and was sitting upfront in the coach when the driver lost control. Sue’s death hit my aunt and uncle very hard. Uncle Drum bore the strain of the inquest with quiet fortitude. Undoubtedly, Sue’s untimely passing brought a deep sadness to Aunty Gwen and Uncle Drum. My Aunt made a good age herself, passing away in hospital at 90 in 2005. My uncle would visit every day. He read his Bible every day, and this seemed to boost his inner strength. He was always a good man who lacked any malice.

As a father, grandfather and uncle he was much respected and loved within the family. His years living alone were long, but he read every day and he thought a lot. He was very lucky in having a lovely lady who lived next door Julie, who would visit him throughout the day providing care and support. Julie’s husband John too was always there in times of need to help. Uncle Drum loved seeing their daughters grow up, get married and he nursed their babies with gentle tenderness.

Rosemary would phone him every day and her support and love was always there. He still managed to see her family frequently, including his grandsons Jonathan and Daniel and their families, during visits to Leicester. Eventually, he decided he needed to move closer and relocated to a local care home near Rosemary and Martin. The staff were kind and very supportive, but I know that he missed his home and the village of Penn. Rosemary visited him frequently and Jonathan his Grandson came to see him most Sundays to play Uncle Drum’s favourite game of Scrabble. Extraordinarily, just over a week before he died he managed to beat Jonathan (no mean feat).

I have tried to give you a glimpse into Uncle Drum’s life. To his family and friends he projected a positive enthusiasm for life. Even my wife Jean, my son and daughter Graeme and Nicola say he never changed and remarkably always seemed to look the same. Even his hair stayed a lighter shade of brown and his face showed little sign of his advanced years. Remarkably, when being interviewed on his 108th birthday, he was asked to provide one word to describe his long life and great age – and he replied ‘Contentment’, with a wink and a twinkle in his eye.

Uncle Drum, as in the days of old, lived a country life, and I tip my hat to him. He made the amazing age of 109, by the time he passed, I believe the 5th oldest in the country, but more than that, he was an extraordinary man of Penn.

Miles Collinge, 3rd June 2024

This entry was first published by .

The Harley Family of Penn

This is an unusually interesting and helpful response to a request for information from a Canadian lady who knew only that one of her forebears, Thomas Harley,  had been employed as a gamekeeper at Penn House.  Earl Howe, the descendant of the gamekeeper’s Victorian employer, and Ron Saunders, one of Penn’s historians,  joined forces to give her a description of the significance of Gamekeeper Thomas’s role ; a detailed description of  the wedding of Thomas’s son, another Thomas, in 1918, by someone who was actually there;  confirmation that the second Thomas was also a Penn House estate gamekeeper since he lived at Keeper’s Cottage in 1939; and then a description of Norman, the third generation Harley, by Earl Howe his employer, who not only knew him, but spoke at his funeral in the 1990s.  Details of children and burial plots were an added bonus. 

Initial Enquiry, from: Linda Gould – 3rd July 2022
One of my ancestors – my 2x great grandfather- Thomas Harley, was a gamekeeper to Earl Howe at Penn house in the late 1880’s. he died in 1891 and is buried at the Holy Trinity church (Penn) along with his wife, Emma, who died in 1934 and his son, Thomas, in 1947.

And Phyllis May Harley née Beale 8th May 1897- 18th December 1949
I was wondering if there would be any records of staff who worked at Penn house and if so where i could find them? I live in Canada so rely on the internet for my research.  Thank you so much, and again what an amazing site.

Holy Trinity Penn Burial Register: Old Churchyard
Plot A 33: Thomas Harley, age 41, 29th February 1892; Emma Harley 1934

Plot F 68: Tom Harley 10th January 1890 – 19th April 1947;
and Phyllis May Harley née Beale 8th May 1897- 18th December 1949

New Churchyard:
Burial: Plot 124A. Shielah Harley
Ashes: Plot 256B. Norman Harley

Earl Howe:
I wish very much that I could provide you with some substantive information relating to your twice-great grandfather. Regrettably, however, staff records of those who worked on the Penn Estate during the nineteenth century have not survived. Your information that Thomas Harley was a gamekeeper (in fact probably one of several) is extremely interesting, as it underlines the importance that my family attached to shooting on the Estate at that time. In fact, the heyday of the Penn House shoot came a little after your ancestor’s death, between about 1895 and 1906, when there were visits by members of the British and continental royal families, together with leading members of the aristocracy, for shooting weekends. Nevertheless, Thomas Harley would probably have been one of those who were instrumental in establishing Penn as a highly desirable shooting venue, including the establishment of strategically placed woodland plantations, designed expressly to enhance the shooting experience. You will probably be aware that the shooting of game birds, especially but not exclusively pheasant and partridge, became a highly popular winter pastime in this country from about 1870 onwards. (It remains popular to this day, though on a much smaller scale.)

A Shooting Party outside Penn House Farm, Penn Bottom, 4th January 1894. The Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) is centre/right. From Britain in Old Photographs, Penn and Tylers Green, 2000.

Ron Saunders:
In the village archives there are extracts from a diary written by Maude Smith of Elm Road Penn, covering some of the years of the Great War, she was a friend of Phyllis May Beale who married Thomas Harley in Holy Trinity Penn in January 1918 and was a guest at their wedding which she recorded in some detail in the said diary.

Maude Smith’s Diary:
Saturday January 12th 1918, Thomas Harley and Alice Beale’s wedding

Extra special day today! In morn I hurried up, & got leg done early & dressed & started for Penn Church at 10.30, to see May’s wedding. The wedding party, walked & past us on the road. The roads were fearfully muddy, it was hard work for poor Elsie. We arrived in Church, just as the service commenced. Mrs Church was there also Harry. Fancy! Harry there, and he used to go with May. May & Tom got through their part alright; it was soon all over. May looked very nice in a navy-blue costume, & white silk blouse; & such a pretty pale pink hat. She had her hair crimped nicely & she looked alright; & quite happy, so did Tom. Then we all came home to Beales, & had a jolly nice time. Oh! it does seem so funny, to think that May my dear old playmate is now Mrs Harley. I did not like to go into Beales at first, so stayed in Mrs Saunders till May came & fetched me out. So then I got on alright afterwards. They put the gramophone on, but it made an awful row at first, as it was damp, (the records were). We had drinks, biscuits, chocs & nice things galore! After a time, we all marched into Mrs Saunders for dinner. Such a lovely dinner. We all thoroughly enjoyed it. I had cold ham, & baked potatoes & green peas. This was followed by lemonade, & Xmas pudding. May & Tom seemed very very happy all day, & everyone says how well matched they are. After dinner, we went back into Beales & had the gramophone on again. The house was simply crowded. All the kids had their meals in Beale’s house. Bob & Elsie came in aft, & lots more folks arrived. The talking & gossiping & merrymaking well! It’s a wonder my head didn’t ache! Later on we all marched into Saunders for tea. My word what a tea!! Such heaps of everything, could not get through half the grub, & then May never cut her lovely big wedding cake. Such a beauty, with fancy roses on the top, & a wee little doll called “Marmaduke”. Great fun was caused by that. In fact, May & Tom had to put up with a great deal of chaffing! Mr Beale was well awa’ with himsel’ & enjoying himself fine, being fussed up by his nieces who had been bridesmaids. Jenny & Alice Harley, were the little bridesmaids, dressed all in white, with blue sashes & white hats trimmed with blue. They both looked very nice. After tea more guests kept arriving, & biscuits & drinks kept coming round. Mrs Nance Beale kept making us laugh, so did Mrs Louis (Lewis) & when old Will Wheeler, well! We all kept roaring, with laughter. As he’s enough to make a cat laugh! Everybody was sorry he had to leave us early, at 9pm. We had supper first & more drinks & bon bons. I had ham sandwich followed by lovely cold mutton sandwich. Enjoyed it fine! Mum came along about 6.30 & brought me a letter which had come by post for me. It was quite a strange handwriting & was from the Straits Settlements Federated Malay States. The girl (Alice Vaz) wishes me to correspond with her. She wrote a very nice letter. She says a friend gave her my address so I can’t imagine who that can be; Miss Benson had brought me along a nice ¼ lb lovely fresh butter, & Mrs Hancock had sent my nightgown along; I found when I got home at 11 o clock. Dad & the kids were in bed so Mum & I had a cup of coffee together to end up with. It has been a most enjoyable day. I do hope May will have the best of luck & a happy life in her married life. It is just one year today, since poor Alice died. It does seem a coincidence that May was married today.

Harry
Henry F.J. Church, son of Frederick & Louisa Church and brother to Maude’s’ late lamented friend, Alice. He did eventually find true love marrying Catherine Saunders in 1921

Tom
Tom Harley was born in Penn in 1890 he worked as a cowman on a farm and lived with his widowed mother, Emma.

Jenny and Alice Harley
11-year-old Jenny was in fact Margaret Jennie Beale, the bride’s youngest sister and 12-year-old Alice was the groom’s niece.

Mrs Louis
This should be Mrs LEWIS. Esther Lewis, who was a witness to the wedding, was born Esther Collins in Hazlemere in 1890. The middle of the seven surviving children of George and Elizabeth Collins she married Bert Lewis in 1907. Bert was an upholsterer by trade, working for both Randall Brothers and Wm. Bartlett and Sons in Wycombe.

In 1915 he enlisted in the Wiltshire Regiment and was killed at Gallipoli in October of that year He is remembered on both the Hazlemere and Tylers Green War Memorials. By January 1918 Esther, presumably was re-building her life, only to be hit hard again, just three months later, when her youngest brother, Walter Stanley Collins was killed, only 18, he was serving with The Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry when he fell on 12th April 1918, he is remembered on the Loos Corner Cemetery and locally in Hazlemere. Esther did eventually re-marry, this time to George Page in 1920.

poor Alice died
A reference to Lydia Alice Church who had indeed died in January 1917 another young victim of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Mrs Nance Beale
Probably the aunt of the bride

Ron Saunders:
Thomas Harley and his wife Phyllis had a son Norman George (born 1929).  He appears on the 1939 Register living with his parents at “Keepers Cottage Penn“ (age 10).  He married Sheila Ann Bagley in 1956 in Wycombe Registration District. Sheila died in Wycombe Registration District in October 1987 aged 49, and Norman died in 1998 in Milton Keynes Registration District.  They had 5 children, 3 girls and two boys, Norman died in the 1990’s.

Earl Howe:
When I first arrived at Penn in 1986, my assistant cowman/tractor driver at Penn Street Farm was Norman Harley.  Norman was the most amenable of men. Content with his lot, always smiling and never complaining. This was best exemplified when, one day, he was driving an old tractor over very uneven ground and accidentally amputated the end-joint of a finger when the tractor lurched sideways and knocked against a tree. All Norman did was bandage up the finger and carry on with his work – still smiling! He retired at 65, having worked on the Estate for very many years – probably ever since leaving school. I spoke at his funeral in the 1990’s.

With thanks to Linda Gould, Earl Howe and Ron Saunders, July 2022.

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Oliver Heal, Obituary, 1949 – 2024

Furniture Makers Newsletter 31/1/2024

Oliver Heal sadly died at his home in Buckinghamshire on Tuesday 23 January 2024 after a battle with cancer.  He was the grandson of Sir Ambrose Heal (1872-1959) and followed his father, Anthony Heal into the family firm, becoming a director and the last family member to be chairman.  His later life was devoted to researching and publishing about Heal’s and racing his beloved 1927 Sunbeam motor car. Oliver was admitted as a liveryman of The Furniture Makers’ Company in May 1979. He was an active liveryman, giving a Frederick Parker lecture on Heal’s in 2016 and joining the Frederick Parker Committee in 2017; he compiled and edited the first Frederick Parker newsletters.

Oliver’s career at Heal’s began in the 1970s, working first in the bedding department and progressing through all the departments in turn.  He spent several years working with Heal’s furnishing fabrics in Germany and France.  He became a director of Heal & Son and succeeded his father, Anthony, as chairman for two years up to 1983, when the company was taken over by Storehouse. Anthony Heal (1907-1995) was one of the founders of The Furniture Makers Guild, formed in 1951; he was Master in 1959, before it became the Worshipful Company of Furniture Makers in 1963.  His portrait hangs in the Hall.

See: Oliver Heal and the Heal family legacy

Oliver was driven to research the early history of the firm partly by his desire to know the date of his own Heal’s dining table!  The study of Heal’s became the subject of his doctoral thesis, from which he developed his seminal book, Sir Ambrose Heal and the Heal Cabinet Factory, 1897-1939, published by Oblong in 2014.  Drawing on the extensive Heal’s archive held by the Victoria & Albert Museum, as well as family memories and private papers, this was the first comprehensive study of the early history of Heal’s.  It is scholarly, meticulously detailed and richly illustrated.

There were two other powerful influences on Oliver’s life.  He inherited Baylins Farm, a 15th century house in Buckinghamshire bought by his grandfather, restored in the Arts and Crafts style, and furnished with pieces by, amongst others, Sidney Barnsley.  And he shared his father’s passion for vintage motor cars, taking over from him the care of a 1927 Super Sports Sunbeam racing car, which he drove at many rallies and races.  He toured in his Sunbeam 20 all over Europe and, notably, in 2019 in north and south New Zealand with about 30 other Talbots and Sunbeams for a month.  He wrote a biography of the Frenchman responsible for the design of the early Sunbeam racers, Louis Coatalen, Engineering Impressario of Humber, Sunbeam Talbot, Darrecq, published in 2020.   Oliver was acknowledged as the leading expert on Sunbeam racers and was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Transport Trust in 2023.  His wife Annik is Coatalen’s granddaughter and has published a book on her artist mother, Anna Coatalen, Art for Happiness et Bonheur in 2019.

Oliver will be fondly remembered for his unassuming, gentle and good-humoured nature.  He leaves his wife Annik, three stepdaughters and a son.

A website with details of Oliver’s funeral and links to support charities he cared for has been set up, which can be accessed here.

Furniture Makers Newsletter, 31/01/2024

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Baylins Farm, a Potted History

For over a century three Generations of the Heal family have lived at Baylins Farm, a lovely medieval hall house in Knotty Green which had earlier been owned by the Penn House Estate since 1593. Oliver Heal, a friend and colleague, who sadly died in January was the third generation to live there, and has written a history of the house which we discussed together on several occasions. He and his wife, Annik, asked me to take it forward and I set out below a very brief summary of his account of it’s early history.
Miles Green, January 2024

In 1332. ‘Belling’ appears in this first tax return as one of the half a dozen larger farms in Penn.

In 1450. The timber frame still at the core of the present building was constructed by Sir Thomas Scott, a rich draper, Lord of the Manor at Dorney, who was elected Lord Mayor of London in 1458. Interestingly, it was built in the same style and at very much the same time as Puttenham Place. This drawing of the house followed a detailed inspection and dendrochronological dating of its timbers

Artist’s impression based on archaeological survey of Baylins as it was in 15th century, timber-framed with daub and wattle infill. South facing, with the central hall, long cross wing at the east end and a smaller wing at the west end. John Bailey 2002

In 1505. Baylins was bought by Sir Andrew Windsor (later Lord Windsor) and it remained in their family for four generations. The first floor supported by massive ovolo-moulded beams was inserted into the hall, circa 1563, requiring changes to the staircase. The brick chimneys would have been constructed at the same time to replace the hearth in the centre of the hall with the smoke rising to a louvre in the roof.

In 1593.
John Penn, the Lord of the Manor of Penn, purchased Baylins described as ‘the manor of Beelinges otherwise Byllynges with appurtenances and of one messuage, one garden, one orchard, 200 acres of land, six acres of meadow, twenty acres of pasture, twenty
acres of wood, twenty acres of furze and heath, and 4/0 rent with appurtenances in Penne.’ Thus began over 300 years of ownership by the Penn/Curzon family. It is believed that John’s grandson, also John Penn, with his wife Sarah, lived in Baylins before he inherited the Penn estate from his father, as the house was modemised around the time of their marriage in 1626. The property was conveyed to John and Sarah by his father and they went on to have ten children. Sarah may have returned there for the further 40 years of her long widowhood. The building was clad in brick as was fashionable at the time and also provided better insulation. An extension was added on the east side. A snug room was lined out in oak panelling and a new wide staircase was installed. Two large oak doors are of interest because they show taper bum marks which are understood to be connected with Catholics continuing to practice within their homes when expelled from church around this period. The Penn family were known for their Catholic affiliations for over a century after Henry VIII’s Reformation. In the 18th and 19th centuries Baylins was occupied by tenant farmers and remained fundamentally unchanged during that time.

In 1920. Baylins Farmhouse along with 8 acres of land was acquired from Earl Howe (descendant of John Penn) by Sir Ambrose and Edith Heal. They worked with the Arts and Crafts architect, Edwin Forbes, to restore and sensitively modernize the house and Edith created around it wonderful gardens where previously had been muddy farmyard. Among the notable features within the house from that time is the brightly coloured painted decoration of the beams in the sitting room carried out by MacDonald Gill (architect-designer brother of Eric Gill). There are also three distinctive tiled fireplaces. In 1925 the architect Edward Maufe (later Sir Edward, famous for Guildford Cathedral) was commissioned to design an extension for a study with bedroom above.

Baylins Farm from South Side 2009

In 2000. At the beginning ofthe 21st century the house underwent extensive restoration – a new entrance was created on the east side, a re-tiled and insulated roof, re-wired, gas-fired central heating – supervised by the architect Jane Duncan. Secondary glazing fitted subsequently throughout. The barn was converted to a ballet studio, the stables to self-catering accommodation. A swimming pool was installed in the garden and the pond re-lined.

Oliver Heal, (1949-2024) Published in Village Voice, Spring, 2024

See also, Beaconsfield Historical Society, Baylins Farm, Knotty Green

This entry was first published by .

Baylins Farm – Early History 1300-1600

The Name
Although the house now known as Baylins Farm was built in the 15th century, a homestead undoubtedly existed on the site more than a century before that. The name, which must be even older, has evolved (with variations) from Belynges to Byllynges to Bellings to Bealings only settling to Baylins in the 19th century. How the name originated is not clear. Consulting the Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names provides a few straws such as Baylham, near Ipswich, of which the first element is thought to be from the Old English word for a bend.  Or there is Bealings (village in Suffolk) of which the first element is thought, like Belaugh, to stem from Old Norse for an interval and ‘might naturally have been used of a glade in a forest’. The second part of the name ‘Lynge’ seems to come from Old English ‘hlenc’ for a hill or rising ground. So, one could conjecture that Belynges indicated the bend in the road at Knotty Green where the house was tucked in a glade in the beech woods as the road from Beaconsfield to Penn begins to climb quite steeply. However, according to renowned place name expert, Margaret Gelling, ‘the name may simply refer to the bell-shaped edge of the common land which used to lie outside the farm and which is still to be seen outlined by the two tracks off Penn Road which meet at the foot of the ‘handle’ leading up to Baylins’.[1]

Earliest References
The earliest known references to Baylins occur in 1325 when Richard Dreu of Penn granted all the lands and tenements he had of the feoffment (grant of ownership) of John de Belynge in Beaconsfield to Ralf de Wedon, knight. In the same year Johannes Belynges, presumably the same man, was a member of the jury that held an inquisition on the death of John Segrave.  Segrave’s manor was most probably the manor to which Baylins belonged at that period and Johannes would have been a tenant. The Manor Court Rolls show that Segrave Manor covered the southern quarter of Penn taking in Knotty Green, Forty Green, Drews Green, Witheridge Lane and Clay Street.[2] When an assessment was carried out in 1332 for King Edward III by Richard Dreu and Robert ate Oke for the purposes of taxation, ‘John Belling had 1 farm horse at 5/- and 1 cow at 6/- and 11 ewes at 11/- and 6 geese at 3/- and 1 qr. Of mixed grain at 3/4d and 4 qrs. Of oats at 6/8d’. Total 35/- on which he owed 2/4d. It sounds like a small farm at this period but, as a comparison, John de la Penne, the highest tax payer, had just 4 horses, 2 cows and 15 ewes, etc.[3] In 1345 Bartholomew de Bourne appointed John de la Penne as his attorney to receive seisin from John Belynges of all his lands and tenements in la Penne.[4]

In the fourteenth century a major tile-making industry flourished at Penn supplying many thousands of floor and roof tiles for such prestigious buildings as Windsor Castle and Westminster Palace. The clay was dug, the tiles were formed, fired and decorated locally. Simon Billyng, perhaps the son of John Belynges, is recorded in 1351 as Famulus (assistant) to Elie the paver who laid 258,000 of the 4 ½ inch square floor tiles, made in Penn, at Windsor Castle.[5]

Figure 1 Map of Burnham Hundred showing elongated parish boundaries of Taplow, Hitcham, Burnham and Farnham Royal. Note detached parts of Taplow and Dorney further north.

The history of Penn at this period is inextricably linked with parishes by the river Thames and in particular Taplow some 8 miles due south. Taplow is renowned for its 7th century burial mound indicating it had been a Saxon centre of civilization. Penn, with a 5 hide manor and some 600 acres under plough, was subsequently part of King Alfred’s royal estate. But the Domesday Book which surveyed much of England in 1086, makes no mention of Penn or Beaconsfield as geld was then paid through the manor at Taplow even though Penn was nearly fully developed agriculturally with 1500 acres of arable.[6]  These links between settlements by the Thames and places higher up in the Chiltern Hills are thought to reflect the tradition of transhumance where sheep would be driven from lowland to upland pastures and back again later in the year. This in turn came to be reflected in elongated parish boundaries as shown in the map of the Burnham Hundreds.[7] At the turn of the C13th William Penn was ‘bound to carry his lord’s hay from Taplow to Penn’.[8] Further links become evident when King Henry VI set up Eton College in 1440 and endowed it with sufficient land, rights and other benefits to finance the education of 70 poor boys. This endowment included properties in Penn. Similarly, the lands of Dorney Manor between Taplow and Eton, which lies about 70ft above sea-level, had a substantial detached outlier indicated on the map and it must have also retained grazing rights around Knotty Green about 400ft above sea level.

Sir Thomas Scott, DraperDorney Manor in particular is of interest because its owner in the fifteenth century was Thomas Scott, whom we believe was responsible for constructing the timber frame hall house that survives as Baylins Farm today. In 1086 Dorney had been assessed at three hides when it was among the lands of Miles Crispin who also held Hitchham. Ownership went through various hands over the next two centuries before Thomas Scott, a draper from London, acquired it in 1430. His father, Robert Scott was from Dorney which explains his connection to the area. He held the manor until his death in 1470 when he left it to his wife Edith. She in turn left it to their son John Scott when she died in 1475, and he held it until 1505.[9]

Figure 2. from Buck’s View of London 1749 showing Dowgate Stairs (72) and Steel Yard Stairs (76). The Steelyard was the main trading base in London of the Hanseatic League during 15th and 16th centuries. The aspect of the shoreline had probably changed little since Scott’s time.Figure 3. John Roque’s 1746 Map of London (engraved by John Pine) illustrates the position of Dowgate Wharf leading up to Wallbrook and Scott’s Yard off Bush Lane which led up to St. Swithins Lane.

Figure 4 Thomas Scott, Alderman, 1446

Thomas Scott was a successful draper in the City of London. He was a member of the Drapers’ Livery Company, one of the twelve Great City Livery Companies, which had been granted its first charter in 1364 by Edward III and enjoyed the monopoly of trade allied to the cloth industry. High quality English wool cloth was much in demand across Europe at the time and most of it was exported from London. Along the banks of the Thames near the only bridge in London across the river, the drapers had industrial buildings containing dyehouses and other activities concerned with the finishing of cloth. By the time Scott was coming to prominence as a liveryman, the Drapers’ Company had built their/its own hall in St Swithin’s Lane in the 1420s. He is recorded as subscribing to the cost of building the Hall in 1425 and served as Warden in 1434-5.[10] In 1438 the Company received a Charter of Incorporation making it a legal corporate fraternity. They also acquired their own coat of arms. However, Scott was not just an astute businessman as he went on to rise as a leader in the City as a whole.

On 29 April 1446, Thomas Scott was elected Alderman for Dowgate Ward a position he held until 1451. The southern boundary of Dowgate was the river bank where much of the draper’s activity took place and it was also one of the richest wards in the city. In 1447-8 Scott was also Sherriff. From 1451 to 1463 he transferred to become Alderman for Walbrook Ward, at the heart of the City and would have attended the weekly meetings of the Court of Aldermen responsible for running the City’s business. During that time he was Auditor from 1452 to 1454, but the pinnacle of his achievements came with his election as Lord Mayor in 1458 when he became Sir Thomas Scott. Five years later he was exonerated from duty as Alderman on 8 June 1463 on account of infirmity and died in November 1470 having made his will at the end of October.  He was buried at the church in Dorney. A John Scott, gent, (presumably his son), was admitted to the Drapers Livery in 1486 by redemption.[11]  The period between the end of the war with France in 1453 and the accession to the throne of King Henry VII in 1485, was a time when the wool trade flourished and wool merchants had money to spare.

Scott’s Yard off Bush Lane backed onto an important aristocratic city residence known as ‘The Erber’ which was arranged around a number of open courtyards and also had a beautiful enclosed garden hidden behind service accommodation. To the north of the yard was St Mary Bothaw’s church. After Scott’s time, the Draper’s Company acquired ‘The Erber’ including Scott’s Yard in 1543 and from the surviving (1596) plan it is evident that Scott’s Yard contained a row of warehouses from which he would have traded or sub-let to other traders. There was a wide yard suitable for receiving the delivery of goods.  The whole area, including The Erber and the church, was destroyed by the Great Fire of 1666 and the buildings were not reconstructed, but the name Scott’s Yard survived on the road map until the 20th century even after Cannon Street Station had been constructed over it.  One of the reasons given for Livery Companies acquiring such properties was in order to provide accommodation for members, who, despite their wealth, were not keen to invest in urban housing but ploughed back their profits into business ‘or into the acquisition of country estates.’[12]

Construction of the Baylins Farm c. 1450

Scott must have been successful in the drapery trade well before coming to prominence in the City because he had acquired Dorney Manor in 1430 and one of the prerequisites to becoming an Alderman was substantial wealth. He would have become more affluent as time went on. From analysis of timber samples by dendrochronology we know that Baylins Farm was built after 1448, around 1450, but until the discovery of Scott’s story there was no obvious explanation for why it was built then. Now we can begin to imagine that Scott wanted a house in the country that reflected his success and he therefore had a solid and impressive, timber-framed house built in the fashion of the time featuring a central high hall with two-storey wings at either end. At the lower end of the hall were the two service rooms while at the high end a solar would have provided a private space for the owners. This solar no longer exists and there is some speculation whether it really would have been built given the fact that the wing at the other end is so long. What remains is the three-frame, south facing, hall with a five-frame wing across the east end. The oak frames were infilled with wattle and daub. The first floor gable of the wing jettied out.

Figure 5. Baylins Farm as it probably looked when newly constructed c. 1450. (John Bailey)

One of the puzzles identified by John Bailey, who researched the history of the building through a detailed examination of the timber frame from which the measured drawings used here as illustrations were produced, was the lack of window openings in the northern part of the first floor of the wing. He suggested that this probably indicated it was used for storage and not as living space. In view of Scott’s business, it is tempting to speculate that it was used to store wool or finished woven cloth. This would provide an explanation for the extra length of this wing.

Figure 6. Ground floor plan of the timber frame of Baylins Farm showing the central hearth in the hall and the long east wing.

John Scott inherited his father’s lands following the death of his mother in 1475. We know from the Calendar of Inquisitions Henry VII, that among the properties he owned (at his death in 1505?) there was ‘a messuage in Penn called Bealynges and divers other lands in Penne’.[13] Could it be that Thomas Scott constructed a house at some distance from Dorney for his son John when John married Katherine? In April 1505 John sold most of his lands in Penn, as well as Saunderton Saint Mary, West Wycombe, Huchenden, Chepyngwycombe, to Sir Andrew Wyndesore. Excluded was a messuage in Penne called Whytes with a garden adjacent and certain lands held by copy of court roll of the manor of Segraves as well as  Haldiffes in Penne and other lands there called Bailifes otherwise called Holmere  [14] (Separately the reversionary interest in Dorney Manor was sold to Richard Restwold who in turn transferred it to Thomas Lytton). John Scott’s wife Katherine had already died and his son, also John, had died without issue, so John senior had to make these arrangements towards the end of his own life. His will, dated 20 August 1505, makes it clear he wanted to be buried at Dorney Church and he left money for a new steeple to be built. His daughter Isabell was a nun in the Abbey of Berkyng.[15]  Andrew Windsor, the purchaser of the properties, undertook to found two chauntries and find two priests to pray for Scott’s family and Windsor’s family living and departed.

Lord Windsor & family
After John Scott sold Baylins to Andrew Windsor it became one of the Windsor family’s properties for four generations. Having said that, it seems unlikely that they made any personal use of the house during their ownership as they had plenty of grander houses available. The Windsors were descended from William Fitzother who had the Manor of Stanwell at the time of the Domesday Book. Andrew’s father Thomas Windsor was made Constable of the castle by Richard III. Andrew, aged 18, as the eldest surviving son inherited lands in Berks, Bucks, Hants, Middx, and Surrey upon his father’s death in 1485. He proved himself an able player in the power and wealth politics of the day, considerably augmenting the family’s wealth. During the reign of Henry VII he was appointed keeper of the wardrobe, a commissioner for subsidies in Middlesex and Berkshire and a JP. In 1509, a few years after he had purchased Baylins Farm, he was invested as Knight of the Bath at the  coronation of Henry VIII. Closely involved with the King’s military expedition to France in 1513, he accompanied Henry’s sister Mary for her marriage to Louis XII the year after. In 1520 he attended Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold and he was one of the commanders in the army sent to France in 1523. In 1529 he was admitted to the House of Lords as Baron Windsor of Bradenham and would share in some of the spoils from the dissolution of the monasteries. But in 1542 when Henry VIII came to stay at Stanwell the King obliged Andrew to surrender his traditional family home to the Crown. Andrew 1st Lord Windsor died the following year. In his Will he stated ‘that the issues of my manors of Bradnam, Weston Turvyle called Mullen’s manor, Weston Turvyle called butler’s manor and Belynges in Penne, with their appurtenances, in co. Buckingham, shall be taken by my executors for the performance of my will and payment of my debts which I owe the King’s highness for lands which I late bought of his Majesty, and other my debts, for the term of 17 years ensuing my decease.’

His son Sir William Windsor inherited the title becoming the 2nd Lord Windsor but he died in 1558, the year that Elizabeth I came to the throne.  His will  states that the income from ‘Bealinges’ and certain other manors be reserved for ‘Dorothee, Ladye Wyndesore late wife of Sr Thomas Wyndesore, knt for and during the space of 20 years.’ (Thomas was his youngest brother).

William was succeeded in turn by his son Edward born in 1532. Edward, 3rd Lord Windsor, is of interest as he was well travelled, well educated, and a cultured patron of the arts. His house in Bradenham, unusually for the period had rooms given over exclusively to the display of paintings and maps. Edward had been knighted by the Earl of Arundel following the accession of Mary to the throne (1553)  and had fought at the battle of St. Quentin (1557) for which he was rewarded by the queen with a chain of gold set with rubies. The Windsors were steadfastly Catholic and loyal Tudors. Edward duly pledged himself to Elizabeth I but as time went on he found it increasingly difficult to reconcile the two loyalties. When Elizabeth went to visit Oxford University in 1566, Lord Windsor was in attendance on her and subsequently Elizabeth stayed at Bradenham from 7th to 9th September where she was entertained in great splendour. But in spring 1568 Edward departed for extensive travels in Europe, ostensibly for his health, which took him away for nearly two years. On his return ‘the reprisals towards Catholics in the parliaments of 1571 and 1572 appear to have convinced him that the remainder of his life should be spent abroad. In December 1572 he made his will, setting his affairs in order’ before setting out again to the continent. He spent the last year of his life in Venice and died there in February 1575 where his tomb can still be seen at the church of SS Giovanni e Paolo.[16]

Figure 7.  Portrait of the family of Edward Windsor, 3rd Baron Windsor, 1568. Bute Collection at Mount Stuart. Photo Keith Hunter. Edward Windsor (1532-1575), his wife Katherine de Vere (1543-1600), his four sons, Frederick, Henry, Edward jnr, Andrew, and an unidentified 61 year old woman. Painted by The Master of the Countess of Warwick (perhaps Arnold Derickson).

Edward Windsor’s lifetime coincided with huge swings in religious practice and tolerance. In 1540 when King Henry VIII was established as head of the Church of England, the Litany and the Bible were to be in English but Protestants who would not hear mass were burned as heretics, while Roman Catholics still loyal to the Pope were executed as traitors. Under the reign of King Edward VI new prayer books were introduced that were carefully worded so both Catholics and Protestants could use them and heretics were no longer burnt alive although zealous reformers pulled down altars, statues of saints and blotted out wall paintings. King Edward was succeeded by Queen Mary in 1553 who believed it her sacred duty to bring back the old faith. She persuaded Parliament to restore Latin Mass and she revived the law by which heretics would be burnt. When Queen Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 it was decreed that the English Prayer Book should be used again and everyone should attend Church. For the first ten years of her reign most English Catholics were loyal to Elizabeth; they paid their fines for not attending church and held their own services privately. But in 1570 the Pope excommunicated Elizabeth so to Roman Catholics she was no longer lawful Queen.  Ten years later new stricter laws against Roman Catholics were introduced with a penalty of £135 and one year in prison for holding a Catholic service. The fine for recusancy went up from 12d per week to £20 per month. To be an open Catholic meant ruin and imprisonment. Edward Windsor must have sensed the way things were going and got out in time although he was not to enjoy his life on the Continent for very long as he was 42 years old when he died.

Edward’s successor was his son Frederick as  4th Baron Windsor but the Fredrick died ten years later in 1585 and the title then passed to Frederick’s brother Henry (1562-1605) who thus became 5th Baron Windsor. It is known that the family’s finances were not good as, by the time Henry died, he had considerable debts. However Edward had bequeathed Billinges in his will dated 20 December 1572 to his youngest son Andrew and it was Andrew who actually sold Baylins Farm in 1593 to John Penn.

From documents in the Penn House Estate Archives we know that Andrew Windsor described himself as of Staplehurst, Kent and he did a deal in January 1593 whereby he ‘bargained and sold unto Jon Pen and his heirs all that messuage tenement and farm with appurtenances called or known by the name of Bealing in the parish of Pen co. Bucks and all other lands etc in Pen or elsewhere now in the tenure or occupation of one Richard Ognell for the sum of £900.’ In the four agreements relating to this sale the name of the property is variously: Bealing, Byllings, Billinges, Beelinges, Byllynges. Although the first document refers to Jon Pen he is after consistently John Penne.

Richard Ognell’s remaining lease was for 16 years from May 1593 for which he was to pay £34 yearly to John Penne. Ognell’s mother Anne, a widow, died in 1594 and was buried in the church at Penn. Amongst her legacies she left sums of money to her four daughters and one of her three sons, Laurence “if he demand it. The above legacies to be paid within one year after my decease, if same can be got out of the hands of my son George”. She also left a bullock plus 10 shillings to one grandson and two sheep and 20 shillings to his sister. Both were the children of Margaret Bingham. The residue of her estate went to Richard Ognell her son and he was to be her executor. The witnesses were John Pen and John Balam.

There remains one piece of the jigsaw puzzle concerning the Windsor’s ownership of Baylins Farm that is difficult to allocate. We know from dendrochronology that 1563 is the likely date for the installation of a first floor in the main hall of the house. The standard of the work with huge ovolo-moulded beams and joists was not simply functional but designed to impress but so far there is no information about who was living in the house at the time that would justify such works. Other alterations such as the installation of a circular staircase and the building of the two large chimney stacks would have been done at the same time. The octagonal newel post dates from c. 1557. Is it too far-fetched to imagine that somehow this was related to the passage of the Queen’s progress nearby in 1566? After leaving Bradenham, Elizabeth 1st dined with John Goodwin at Wooburn Manor, really close by.

[1] Miles Green, Penn Parish Council Annual Report 1995/96.
[2] Miles Green, Penn Parish Council Annual Report 1995/96.
[3] J. Gilbert Jenkins, A History of the Parish of Penn, St. Catherine Press, 1935.
[4] Eton College Collections on line, ECR 36 009.
[5] Miles Green, Medieval Penn Floor Tiles, 2003.
[6] Miles Green, Our Royal Connections, 2012.
[7] See also Simon Townley, Upland and Lowland in South Oxforshire Chilterns, https://blog.history.ac.uk
[8] J. Gilbert Jenkins, A History of the Parish of Penn, p. 8.
[9] Information from ‘Parishes: Dorney’, A History of the County of Buckingham: Vol. 3 (1925) pp. 221-225. Accessed via: www.british-history.ac.uk 27.04.2010. The present Dorney Court was built about 1510.
[10] Information from Penny Fussell, The Drapers’ Company archivist 11.02.2022.
[11] Boyd’s Roll, Past Master Percival Boyd’s register of the Drapers’ Company history.
[12] Sarah A. Milne, The Erber: Tracing Global Trade through a London Building, published online Cambridge University Press, 2020.
[13] Calendar of Inquisitions Henry VII Voll III, Bodleian Library. Information provided by Miles Green. It confirms that ‘the lands in Penne, worth 40s are held of Thomas earl of Derby, as of his manor of Segrave in Penne’.
[14] Eton College Collections Online, Ref. ECR 36 023. 1st April 1505. Sale by John Scotte of Dorney to Andrew Wyndesore … all appurtenances in … Pennes except messuage called Whytes with a garden adjacent in Penne.
[15] Will of John Scott of Dorney, 20.08.1505, proved 21.10.1505. National Archives. Records of Prerogative Court of Canterbury. PROB 11/14/726.[16] Information about the family portrait and Edward Lord Windsor’s life is taken from Edward Town’s study of the portrait and the man. www.artandthecountryhouse.com

Oliver Heal, January 2024

This entry was first published by .

Baylins Farm 1600 – 1920

Part of the Penn/Curzon Estate

The documents concerning the sale of Baylins Farm by Andrew Windsor to John Penn in 1593 give detail of the scope of the farm at that period. It was described as ‘the manor of Beelinges otherwise Byllynges with appurtenances and of one messuage, one garden, one orchard, 200 acres of land, six acres of meadow, twenty acres of pasture, twenty acres of wood, twenty acres of furze and heath, and 4/0 rent with appurtenances in Penne.’ This was the property that would form part of the Penn/Curzon/Howe Estate for the next 400 years.[1]


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John and Ursula Penn memorial brass

Just three years later John Penn died in 1596 and was buried in the chancel at Penn Church on 12 October. His widow Ursula survived him until May 1610 when she in turn was buried in the church and they are both commemorated with a brass memorial. The Penns had clearly remained Catholic in their sympathies as in 1584 they were listed as absentees at a time of compulsory church attendance and the following year Ursula agreed to pay a fixed annual fine towards providing horses for the Queen’s service in return for exemption from penalties to which they were liable for their recusancy. Their links to the Royal family may have protected them from more unpleasant consequences. John’s mother Sybil Penn had been foster mother to Queen Elizabeth’s younger brother who became Edward VI. Henry VIII, Edward VI and Elizabeth all gave Sybil Penn gifts, land and an annuity. This contrasts with the treatment of the Lord of Segraves Manor in Penn who was imprisoned in 1587 for aiding and sheltering catholic priests.

John himself had been appointed Elizabeth’s Escheator for Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire in 1574. This seems to have been a lucrative function as he was able to buy other properties besides Baylins in the last quarter of the C16th.

John Penn’s eldest son was William (1567-1638) who, having grown up in a Catholic household, married Martha Poulton who was also catholic. He was 29 years old when he inherited the enlarged estate and became Lord of the Manor. In later life he was sufficiently well thought of to be appointed Sheriff of the County in 1624. William and Martha had one son, John, and two daughters, Sybil and Katharine.

John and Sarah Penn memorial brass

This latest John Penn was born c. 1595 not long before the time of his grandfather’s death. He married Sarah, daughter of Sir Henry Drurey of Hedgerley, and they had ten children, five boys and five girls. They must have married c. 1626 as their first daughter was born in 1627 and it seems reasonable to speculate that Baylins Farm became their family home at this time. His mother and father occupied Penn House and the young couple would have needed a sizeable home although three of the ten children are known to have died young.

We know that Richard Ognell, who occupied Baylins Farm when it was purchased by John Penn senior in 1593, died in 1618 and that William Penn was his sole executor. He had no children.  David and George Grove witnessed the will. Apart from legacies to various family members he left £5 to the poor of Penn and £3 to the poor of Beaconsfield. He had four servants (3 men, 1 woman) to whom he left 40 shillings each[2]

The same year, 1618, William Penn paid 20 shillings to King James for the grant of all the timber and free fishing for ever ‘in his manor or lordship of Penne lying and being in the towns and parishes of Penne, Woodburne and Wicombe in our county of Buckingham, and his manor of Seygraves lying and being in Penne, and in his manor or farm commonly called Beelings lying and being in Penne, and in his farm commonly called Le Parsonage in Penne.”  Also included in the grant was Beamont manor and Affricks farm in Little Missenden as well as a farm in Nether Orton, Oxfordshire.[3]

In 1627 William agreed to convey “by fine or feoffment” the “manor, capital messuage, tenement and farm with the appurtenances being within the parish of Pen called Bealings” to Trustees subject to an annuity of £200 to be paid his son Jon Penn and his wife Sarah during his lifetime. Following his death it would pass to John and Sarah and their descendants.[4]

It is known that much work was carried out at the house around this period. The exterior was clad in brick to hide the timber frame and the daub-and-wattle in-fill panels. An extension was built to provide a room on the east side that became a larder and a new wide staircase was installed for access to the first floor.

A room downstairs was panelled with oak wainscot to provide a snug drawing room. Two large oak doors which have been dated by their ledged planks and strap hinges to between 1590 and 1640 were evidently installed at the same time and are particularly interesting because they have taper burn marks on them which are understood to be connected with Catholics continuing to practice within their homes when expelled from the church. Similarly the salt niches in the fireplace are likely to have been used to display significant spiritual objects ‘as a personal badge of affiliation to Catholicism’.[5] In view of the Penn family’s catholic tendencies at the time this serves to reinforce the view that the house was modified around 1626/7 to provide a comfortable home for the newly married John and Sarah Penn.

The application of taper burns to beams within the house is however evidence of an older tradition that must pre-date Penn family ownership and the installation of these two doors. Burn marks can be found on the original timber frame of the house in twelve different locations and in many instances were applied repeatedly. The absence of burn marks in the first floor above the hall, in contrast to all the other rooms on the first floor, implies that it was a ritual that was practiced prior to 1563 (the installation date of the hall ceiling) and thus probably part of an older tradition of apotropaic signs that might protect against lightning, fire or ward off evil spirits.

John’s father William Penn died in 1638 and John only survived him by four years until 1641. In his will he bequeathed the manor of Bealings to his wife Sarah as dower. His son and heir William Penn was only 12 years old so was a ward of the Crown until he was 21 so all profits from the estate were payable to the Crown. The inquisition post mortem recorded that “the said manor of Bealings was held of the King as of his Duchy of Lancaster in free and common socage and is worth by the year in all issues beyond reprises £5. 5. 0.”[6]

William Penn (1628-1693) married Sara Shallcross circa 1651 and it was their daughter Sarah Penn who married Sir Nathaniel Curzon (1640-1719) around 1700.

No information has yet emerged as to who occupied Baylins Farm in the latter part of the 17th century but it seems likely that by around 1700 the Penn family had installed tenant farmers to run the farm. We know that in 1754 George Salter paid a Poor Rate for Bailings and in the same year a Mrs Salter of Bealings was buried as was Hannah Ranger,widow, of Bealings, and also that on 10 September 1759, Joseph, son of George Salter of Bealings, died. These mentions are the earliest positive links between the Salter family and Baylins. The Salters were an old Penn family with records of their births, marriages and deaths appearing in the Penn Church Registers in the last quarter of the 16th century. Edmond Salter was overseer for the poor in 1627 and churchwarden from 1631 to 1633. A George Salter was churchwarden in 1715 when the clock was installed.[7] He and his wife Martha were the parents of the George Salter, (later described as Yeoman of Bailings, Penn), baptized 4 August 1711, who died in 1788 aged 77 years and was buried at Penn Church. In his will he gave and bequeathed ‘unto my dear wife Sarah Salter all the bed bedding and also two pair of my best sheets draws chairs and all other furniture except one pair of chest of draws in the yellow papered room wherein I now usually lie’. He also referred to ‘my copyhold messuage…in the manor of Seagraves…now in the occupation of Miss Isham.[8] Sarah ‘relict of George Salter of Baylins’ lived on until 1808.

Confusingly we know that in 1718 Thomas Winter, who was described as a yeoman of Beelings in the parish of Penn, apprenticed his youngest son John to Alexander Daniel, surgeon of Beaconsfield, for seven years for 10 guineas to learn ‘the art of surgery and all the practice in … setting bones, bleeding, tooth drawing, dressing of wounds, imputacons’ etc.[9] His children were baptized in Penn between 1680 and 1699 but when Thomas died in 1722 he was then a ‘yeoman of little Missenden’ having remarried there in 1718 and so no longer from Baylins.

The next references we have are the Posse Comitatus, which shows William Winter at Baylins in 1798, and the following year when his widowed daughter Mary Allen (née Winter) married Thomas B. Bovingdon of Glory Farm.[10] This William was a son of John the surgeon

By 1810 John Boucher was the farmer and Bailings was assessed at £78 15s for the Poor Rate Book. After Boucher the Langston family became tenants. In 1836 Thomas Langston, farmer of ‘Beylings Farm’, Penn, made his will stating he was ‘weak in body but of sound mind’ and left everything to his brother David Langston ‘now of Baylins Farm’.[11] At the 1841 census David Langston, by then 60 years old, and his two elder brothers, Thomas and Richard, were in occupation. David, his wife and three servants were living there at the 1851 census and he stayed until he died in 1855 leaving everything to his wife Sarah and then to his brother William.[12]

From 1838 we have the details of the Tithe Award Map which recorded the names and acreage of the fields that David Langston was farming at that time. This came to a total of 147 acres, most of which was arable with only 20 acres described as Meadow, pasture and orchard. It excludes any woodland which presumably made up the difference to the amount of land acquire by John Penn in 1593. The farm stretched from Saucy Corner in the North down to the Forty Green Road in the South and went Westwards to Saunderswood.[13]

The field names are fascinating such as Great & Little Wopses and Golden Field.
See also Baylins Farm Field Names   Click on Image to enlarge to screen width …

Baylins Entry in 1838 Penn Tithe and Map

Click on Image to enlarge to screen width …

The next tenant was William Redding who, with his wife, 1 daughter and 4 sons, was  at Baylins Farm when the 1861 census was taken (he was Church Warden at Penn in 1859). He was then aged 35 years and managed 140 acres. Ten years later he was still there and had 2 daughters and 5 sons. The farm had 160 acres, employed 3 labourers and 2 boys as well as a live-in servant Joseph Allen who was 14 years old. Redding’s tenancy terminated on 29 September 1875 and he was succeeded by William and John Priest. But there was no mention of John Priest at the time of the 1881 census but we know that a John Priest was buried at Penn in 1882 with his wife Susannah who had died in 1876. The census records William Priest (38) with wife Eliza (40) and 3 sons (aged 4,3 and 2 yrs) and a 1 year old daughter. They were still farming 160 acres with 3 men and a boy and had three young indoor servants. However there was also a brother of William called John Priest who farmed in Little Missenden where he died in 1899.

Also recorded under Baylins Farm in the 1881 census were Arthur Tapping, Thomas Bryant, John James, William Carter, all agricultural labourers, and all of whom were living with their own wives and families. There was also John Lane retired gamekeeper and Edward Tilbury a brick layer, with their families. One has to assume they lived in cottages around the farm and not in the farmhouse.[14]

In 1896 when the tenancy was renewed again it was in the name of William Henry Priest alone who stayed on with his wife, Eliza, a member of the Salter family, and five children. William continued to run the farm until he died in October 1917. His wife and family were allowed to stay on until the end of September 1919.[15] Their eldest son, William George Priest, who was born at Baylins Farm in 1876, grew up to be a farmer at Farnham Royal but later emigrated to Kyogle in New South Wales, Australia, where his family lived in a house named Baylins. Another son, Ernest Arthur (1878-1942) married Alice Louisa Redding.

[1] Feet of Fines. Bucks, Easter. 35 Elizabeth. Extract copied by Richard Holworthy 1924.
[2] Bucks wills vol. for 1618/19 folio 92. Transcribed by Richard Holworthy 1924. Viewed at County Records Office by OSH, 19.01.2001. ref We27125, Wf22287. Noted ‘brass pot bought off my sister Elizabeth.’
[3] Patent Roll 2171. No. 3. 16 James 1. Part 7. Transcribed by Richard Holworthy, 1924.
[4] Chancery Inquisition post mortem. Series II. Vol. 602. No. 63. Transcribed by Richard Holworthy, 1924.
[5] Information from Dr Jonathan Duck 23.11.2021. who has researched the subject and spotted the burn mark from a photograph. See his articles How to Protect your Home from Evil,  Listed Heritage Magazine, March/April and May/June 2022.
[6] Chancery Inquisition post mortem. Series II. Vol. 613. No. 67. Transcribed by Richard Holworthy, 1924.
[7] Notes taken from the Penn Registers by Ambrose and Edith Heal in 1920. From a 1748 document acquired by Ambrose Heal which gave details of General Fuller’s estate at Gregorys, Beaconsfield, we know that ‘Davenies Farm, consisting of a farmhouse and about 144 acres of land & meadow ground’ was in the tenure of George Salter and the rent was £75.00 p.a.
[8] George Salter, Bailings, Penn, Yeoman. Will dated 26.05.1787, proved 22.08.1788. County Records Office D/A/We/112/47 D/A/Wp/104/2350.
[9] Apprenticeship Indenture 26 March 1718. Ref: D209/137 (via Susan Cooper).
[10] Miles Green  and Susan Cooper letters 2007.
[11] County records Office D/A We/147/2. D/A/Wf/122/125. Although dated 9 May 1836 the will was not proved until 4 Jan 1851.
[12] County Records Office D/A/We/148/45. D/A Wf//123/89. Will 24.08.1853, proved 11.04.1855.
[13] Information kindly supplied by Miles Green.
[14] My thanks to Debbie Marsden for the information in the censuses
[15] Dates of tenancies provided by Mr Widdowson to Ambrose Heal.

Oliver Heal, January 2024

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